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INDUSTRY VS AGRICULTURE The Ultimate Showdown North - Industrial • Upper, Middle, Lower Classes • Unions – to help factory workers • Factory workers – mainly women & children • Sarah G. Bagley • Lowell worker who started first female labor union – Lowell Female Labor Reform Association • National Trades Union – campaigned for a 10 hour workday IMMIGRANTS AND INDUSTRY The Perfect Combination The Irish • Poor • Men: • Women: • Factory Workers • Mended Clothes • Built the • Cleaned Wealthy Railroad/Canals • Coal Miners • Unloaded Freight • Cleaned Streets Homes • Factories • Unskilled • Left Ireland b/c: • Potato Famine • British mistreatment • Majority – Catholic • Settled in Cities: Boston; NYC; East Coast • Later – involved in politics The Germans • Wealthy • Tailors • Brewers • Cabinetmakers • Distillers • Cigar makers • Bakers • Butchers • Machinists • Skilled Workers • Left Germany b/c: • Political Revolution • Religions: Protestant; Catholic, Jewish • Moved to cities in Northwest Area: • OH; ID; MI; MN; PA; TX Politics • Know Nothing Party • Political Party based on Nativists ideas • Slogans: • “America for the Americans” • “Americans shall rule America” • Tried to stop foreigners/immigrants from coming into the country •Tried to limit political power from immigrants •Responded to immigration with violence •Nativists – Protestants •Immigrants – Catholic Midwest • Just starting to grow • Economy is increasing • Dairy farms • Wheat/corn farms • Livestock Upper South • Less need for slaves • Smaller farms • Little/no plantations • Poor farmers • States such as: • Virginia; Maryland; Delaware; etc South - Agricultural •Cotton plantations – controlled the economy • Cotton demand increases • Cotton prices increase • The need for slavery increases Lower South • Majority of the area – Large plantations • Large Plantations need more slaves • Slavery was harsh in this area • Harder conditions • 200 or more slaves per plantation (GA; MS; AL) • More cotton is produced = more money is made • Less Industry • Small amount of manufacturing/factories • Not many Railroads • More Rail Lines = Less valuable farmland = Less plantationsto grow cotton = Less money American Colonization Society • 1817 • Abolitionist group who wanted to get rid of slavery • Formed the colony of Liberia (in Africa) • Tried to free the slaves • Idea was to send them back to Africa (where they were from) • Slaves didn’t want to go – considered themselves Americans (most were born here) Population in the South • Planters • Small population of the Southern Whites • Wealthy • Most lived the life of luxury • Owned between 20 – 1000 slaves • 20 – 100 = more common • 500 - 1000 = very rare • Small Farmers • Majority of the Southern Whites • Simple homes • Small farms • Fertile land • Grew their own food as well as a small amount of cash crops • Most did not own slaves • Poor Whites • Small percentage of Southern Whites • Land was NOT appropriate for farming • Lived in Mountainous regions (Appalachia – ancestors still live there in squalor and poverty) • Relied on hunting/fishing to survive • African – Americans • Freedmen • 10% - 59% of the Southern population • Most of the freedmen lived in border states (Northern region of the South) • 260,000 freed slaves (freedmen) eventually succumbed to the evils of slaveholding • Became masters of black slaves Slaves • Rewards • Money, “time off”, loved ones “bought back”,etc • Punishments • “sweatbox”, shackles, whipping, etc • “sold down the river”
