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European Exploration I. Motives for European Exploration a. Crusades => b. Renaissance => c. Reformation => d. Monarchs seeking . . . e. Fame, fortune II. New Maritime Technologies a. Astrolabe => b. Compass => c. Sextant => d. Better maps => e. Caravel => f. Advanced firearms => III. Portuguese Maritime Empire a. Prince Henry, “the Navigator” i. Established . . . ii. Trained sailors, captains in . . . iii. Developed ___________________________ iv. Encouraged, sponsored ... b. Portuguese in Africa and Asia i. Explored _______________ _______________ of _________________ ii. Bartolomeo Diaz (1487): rounded … iii. Vasco de Gama (1498): first European to sail to _____________________ IV. Spain and the “West Indies” a. Goal was to find . . . b. Christofo Colon (_______________________________) (1451-1506) i. Columbus’ early life => ii. Finding sponsors for his exploration=> iii. His four voyages established … iv. He died, convinced that . . . c. Ferdinand Magellan: first European to ______________________________ the globe d. Other nations’ Atlantic exploration i. England (John Cabot) => ii. Italy (Amerigo Vespucci) => V. Spanish Conquests of the Americas a. Fernando Cortez vs. Montezuma II i. Aztec myths => ii. Spanish ally with . . . iii. Invite Montezuma to meeting, then … iv. Without a ruler, Aztec Empire ___________________ b. Francisco Pizarro v. Atahualpa (Incans) => VI. The “Columbian Exchange” a. One of the most significant events . . . b. Exchange of … c. Europe (“Old World”) got … i. Examples of fruits => ii. Examples of vegetables => iii. Examples of diseases => d. America (“New World”) got … i. Examples of fruits => ii. Examples of vegetables => iii. Examples of animals => iv. Examples of diseases => v. Why were the OW diseases so deadly?=> e. The potato: the most important vegetable in history => VII. Cycle of conquest and colonization a. Explorers… b. Conquistadores . . . c. Missionaries … d. Permanent settlers … e. Official European Colony!!! VIII. Spanish gain from treasure from the Americas => IX. The Triangle Trade and the “Middle Passage” a. Consisted of _____________ parts i. First, . . . ii. Second, … iii. Third, … b. Second leg of journey called _____________________ ________________________ X. The Slave Trade a. The slave trade existed in Africa before . . . b. Portuguese replaced ______________________ slaves with _______________ i. Sugar cane => ii. First boatload of African slaves . . . c. Over ____________________ Africans were taken, as slaves d. Where did the slaves go? i. Between 1450 and 1900, most slaves went to _________________ ii. A total of _________________ went to the West Indies (Caribbean islands) iii. A total of ________________ went to British North America XI. Competition in the New World a. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) i. Conflict between _____________ and _______________ ii. Who could get what lands in New World? iii. Pope’s Line: Everything _________ of line went to ___________; Everything __________ of line went to ______________ iv. Treaty Line => b. New Colonial Rivals i. Portugal lacked the . . . ii. Spain in Asia => iii. First English expedition to . . . iv. English arrived in NW India in _____________ v. Dutch arrived in India in ______________ XII. Impact of European Expansion a. Native populations . . . b. Influx of gold and silver into Europe => c. Columbian Exchange => d. Deepened …