Download Ocean waves that wear away an island`s shoreline

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Chapter 9 Study Guide
1. Ocean waves that wear away an island’s shoreline are an example of Earth’s
destructive forces
2. Scientists think that the outer core made of liquid iron and nickel, contains
convention currents which produce Earth’s magnetic field.
3. The part of the mantle called the asthenosphere is made of soft rock that bends
like plastic.
4. Oceanic crust is made up mostly of dense rock called basalt.
5. When you touch a hot plate, the transfer of heat from the plate to your hand is
called conduction
6. The energy from the sun that warms your face is transferred by a process called
radiation
7. In the asthenosphere, heat is transferred as soft rock flows slowly in cycles known
as convection currents
8. Wegner believed the continents had once been joined in one landmass called
Pangaea
9. The theory of continental drift states all the continents once were joined as a
single supercontinent and have since drifted apart.
10. To support his theory, Alfred Wegener provided evidence from fossils, traces of
anciet organisms preserved in rock.
11. The process of sea-floor spreading continually adds new crust to the ocean floor
along both sides of the mid-ocean ridge.
12. The longest mountain chain on Earth is the mid-ocean ridge, most of which lies
under the ocean.
13. Subduction occurs where the oceanic crust bends down toward the mantle at a(n)
ocean trench.
14. The lithosphere is broken into sections called plates, which float on top of the
asthenosphere.
15. When continental plates pull apart at a divergent boundary on land, a(n) rift valley
forms.
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Name ______________________________ Date___________ Period ____
16. Two of the Earth’s plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions,
along a transform boundary.
17. Deformation of the crust and the formation of volcanoes and mountains are the
result of plate movements.
18. A break in the crust where slabs of crust slip past each other is known as a(n)
fault.
19. When the land surface sinks as a result of geologic processes, land subsidence
occurs.
20. Which layer of Earth is made up partly of crust and partly of mantle material?
Lithosphere
21. How do constructive forces shape Earth’s surface? Building up mountains
22. What is the layer of Earth’s surface made up mostly of basalt and granite? Crust
23. State the correct order Earth’s of layers (starting from the surface).
Crust  mantle  outer core  inner core
24. What is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves? radiation
25. What is Pangaea? A super continent that existed millions of years ago
26. What is a fossil? Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in
rock.
27. What technology did scientists use in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge?
Sonar
28. Explain why old oceanic crust is more dense than new oceanic crust? Because old
oceanic crust is cooler than new oceanic crust
29. The geological theory that states pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant,
slow motion is the theory of plate tectonics
30. Plate movements produce stress in rock, which lead to a change in the rock’s
shape or volume called deformation
31. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a convergent boundary
produce a mountain range
32. What are the three kinds of plate boundaries? Transform, divergent, and
convergent
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Name ______________________________ Date___________ Period ____
33. A weak spot in Earth’s crust where magma comes to the surface is called a(n) hot
spot
34.Compression forces in Earth’s crust produce reverse fault
Fill-in the chart:
Fill-in the missing information of the chart.
Depth
35. Between 350-3000 km
Layer
36. Mantle
37. Between 3001-5000 km
38. Outer core
39. Between 5-40 km
40. Crust
41. Between 5001-6400 km
42. Inner core
Composition
Silicon, Oxygen, Iron, and
Magnesium
Molten Iron and Nickel
Basalt and Granite
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Solid Iron and Nickel