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SBI3U:Plant Unit Review Ch 9 (2nd half), 10, 11, p245-296 Plant Kingdom Overview -general plant characteristics p245 -plant kingdom classification (see fig. 10.6, p261) Plant Groups Non-vascular Plants Algae: Mosses: characteristics structure reproduction: sexual and asexual p248 structures: gametophyte and sporophyte alternation of generations (life cycle) p259 -diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis -haploid spores grow into gametophytes which produce haploid gametes (male and female - egg and sperm) -sperm fertilizes egg to produce diploid zygote which becomes sporophyte explain how algae, mosses are adapted to life without vascular tissue Vascular Plants Ferns: structures: gametophyte and sporophyte alternation of generations.... comparison to mosses p262 (dominant stage, photosynthesis, etc) presence of vascular tissue and true roots be able to compare structures / functions to algae / mosses (eg water requirements, roots / rhizoids / holdfast) Gymnosperms: characteristics (seeds, cones, needles, etc) almost complete dominance of sporophyte generation (except in cone) value, uses of gymnosperms p266 Angiosperms: -characteristics (seeds, fruit, flowers) -almost complete dominance by sporophyte General plant structures p281 Tissue types and functions: p282 vascular- transport & support (xylem and phloem) dermal- skin, protection & support meristem- growth & division ground- storage, photosynthesis, support (fibers) Flowers: structures, function p268 Compare monocot and dicot p272 pollination, double fertilization p269 seed dispersal methods p270 Roots: Structures and functions, vascular cylinder p283/4 Compare monocot and dicot Taproots and fibrous roots Stems: Structures and functions, vascular bundles p285/6 Compare monocot and dicot Leaves: structures and functions, veins, cuticle p287 Photosynthesis (mesophyll) Stomata & gas exchange Compare monocot and dicot Transport in plants (see notes) Water transport- xylem, dead cells Capillarity- water climbs small tubes Transpiration-cohesion theory o -evaporation, photosynthesis result in water loss and “vaccuum” in leaf o -pull of water chain up the xylem (molecules stick together) Food transport- phloem, living Pressure-flow theory o (based on sugar concentration and turgor pressure) Plant growth and response o Hormones- chemicals that regulate plant growth p292 Five types o Tropisms- the plant response (growth) to hormones or a stimulus Can be positive or negative p295 Phototropism, geotropism, thigmotropism Questions: p278 #1-7, 279#2,5, 298 #1-6;2-4