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The Islamic Empire
I. OVERVIEW OF ISLAM
A. Around the year ______ ______, a new monotheistic religion called Islam began
1. Islam was founded by the Prophet ________________________in the Arabian city of ____________
2. After the ______________ to the city of _______________,
Muhammad gained Muslim converts and returned to Mecca,
________________________the city
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Muslims believe in the FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM:
_______________: belief in one God, Allah, and the Prophet Muhammad
_______________: 5 times per day towards Mecca
_______________: 2.5% to charity
_______________: During the month of Ramadan
_______________: Pilgrimage to Mecca
II. THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE
A. ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD: THE “RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS”
1. When Muhammad died in 632, the Muslim community elected a new leader called a _______________(successor)
2. The first four caliphs all knew Muhammad and promised to stay true to the _______________and Muhammad’s
message; they became known as the “______________ _______________ _________________”
3. The first caliph was Muhammad’s friend and father-in-law, _________ ____________; his goal was to keep
Muslims under his government (the “____________________”)
a. He used __________________ to control and expand the Islamic Empire
4. The empire ____________________ under the next caliphs
a. During the Rightly Guided Caliphates, the Islamic Empire ____________________ “Dar-al-Islam” (the areas
where Islam is ___________________)
b. The caliphate never forced non-Muslims to convert, especially “People of the Book” (Jews and Christians); they
allowed ______________ __________________ as long as
______________ were paid to the Empire
c. The caliphs used the _________________ (laws of Islam) to
govern the Empire
B. THE UMAYYAD EMPIRE
1. After the death of the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, a ___________
___________ for control of the Empire began
a. The clan that came to power started the _____________
________________
b. The rise of Umayyads led to a __________________ in Islam
2. THE SUNNI-SHI’A SPLIT
a. Before the Umayyads, _________________ were elected
members of Muhammad’s _________________
b. SHI’A MUSLIMS
i. ___________ Muslims ___________________the rule of the Umayyads
ii. The Shi’a believe that caliphs must come directly from _________________ ____________________
c. SUNNI MUSLIMS
i. _______________Muslims ___________________ the rule of the Umayyads
ii. The Sunni believe that caliphs should follow _________________ ___________________, but do not have to
be relatives
3. The Umayyads expanded the Empire, which brought ______________ and new Islamic __________________
C. THE ABBASID EMPIRE
1. In 750, the Umayyad Empire was _____________________ by the Abbasids
2. Under the _____________________, the Islamic Empire grew to its greatest extent; the Abbasids’ rule over the
_________________ ____________________ lasted from 750 to 1258
a. The Abbasid caliphate built a strong ________________________ bureaucracy to rule the Empire
b. Muslim _____________________ expanded the Empire’s wealth by _________________across Africa, the
Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea
c. Wealth from trade led to a “______________ __________”, a time of great Muslim ______________________
in science, mathematics, medicine, and architecture
Monotheism Chart
Judaism
What is the major
belief about God?
Who was the founder
or an important
prophet?
What is their holy
book or text?
How do they view the
afterlife?
What rules help
guide people in their
lives?
Do they accept or
reject Jesus?
Do they accept or
reject Muhammad?
Where did the
religion begin?
What symbol that
best describes the
religion?
Christianity
Islam