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Population Genetics Marie Černá Population a localized group of individuals belonging to the same species a species a group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature Population genetics (in the 1930s) • Study of the properties of genes within populations (gene pool) • The genetic structure of a population is defined by its allele and genotype frequencies • Microevolution is a generation-to-generation change in a population’s allele or genotype frequencies Modern synthesis (forged in the 1940s) • a comprehensive theory of evolution • integrates Darwinian selection and Mendelian inheritance Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium • • • • • very large population no migration no net mutations random mating no natural selection in a population meeting all these conditions - no evolution is occurring Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p = frequency of dominant allele q = frequency of recessive allele allele frequencies: p + q = 1 genotype frequencies: (p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Literature Biology, eighth edition, Campbell, Reece Unit four: Mechanisms of Evolution Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations Pages 468 – 486