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Name:___________________________________ Hour:_____________________________ Zoology Review 1. What is the definition of ecology? The study of the interactions between organisms with one another and their environment 2. All areas of life science build upon something simpler and smaller. Give the order of each level of organization from smallest to largest and give an example of each level 3. Give an example of how the number of populations in an ecosystem depends on the biotic and abiotic factors found in the environment. Biotic: If Trees are removed from an ecosystem then animals which depend on them for food and shelter will die and if they die then animals which depend on them for food will die. Abiotic: If water is removed from an ecosystem then the animals and plants which depend on the water for survival will die and then the animals which depend on them for food will die. 4. Describe ways that human activities can change the number of populations and communities in an ecosystem. Pollution- Destroying the land water and air animals and plants need to survive. Over hunting/ Poaching - Killing a species of animals that other animals depend on for food. Deforestation- Removing the trees which animals depend on for food and shelter. 5. What are the five characteristics that all living things share? Made of cells Use energy Respond to surrounding environment Reproduce Grow and develop 6. What do you call the interaction between animals when one animal benefits from their relationship and the other is not affected at all? Commensalism 7. What do you call the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment? Abiotic 8. What do you call an animal that eats other animals to survive? Predation 9. What do you call an animal that lives off of another animal usually harming the animal it is living on? Parasite 10. What do you call the interaction where one organism kills and eats another organism for food? Predator 11. What do you call the living parts of an organism’s environment? Biotic 12. What do you call Behaviors or physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environment? Adaptations 13. What do you call a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species? Symbiosis 14. What do you call the interaction where there is a struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource? Competition The 11 human body systems are as follows: (Match each system to the correct function) 15. Nervous system* _E_ 16. Respiratory system*__A_ 17. Excretory system _G__ 18. Muscular system __B__ 19. Endocrine system __F_ 20. Immune system _H__ 21. Reproductive system __I_ 22. Circulatory system*_D__ 23. Digestive system*_C__ 24. Skeletal system*_J__ 25. Integumentary system _K_ A. Absorbs oxygen B. Moves bones C. Breaks down food D. Pumps blood E. Sends and receives electrical signals F. Regulates body function G. Gets rid of waste H. Body’s defense against illness I. Produces reproductive cells J. Provides a frame and support K. Protects underlying tissues 26.The purpose of the 11 organ systems is for the human body to maintain Homeostasis . What is homeostasis? The bodies maintenance of a stable internal environment Give an example of how the body performs homeostasis: Body temperature- When we get hot we sweat when we get cold we shiver Blood sugar levels-Too much sugar in the blood, pancreas secretes insulin to lower the amount of sugar Blood pressure-When blood pressure rises, the heart slows down to reduce pressure in the blood vessels 27. Name the 8 organs that make up the digestive system and describe their function. 28.What are the digestive organs that make up the digestive track? **(in order) _Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine 29. Label the following diagram with the correct digestive organs. 30. Name the five senses the human body has. Sight, Touch, Taste, Smell, Hearing 31. The nervous system is made up of two systems. What are they? Central Nervous System CNS Peripheral Nervous System PNS 32.What two organs make up the CNS? Brain Spinal Cord 33. What is the overall function of the CNS? The control center of the body 34. What organs makes up the PNS? Nerves 35. What is the overall function of the PNS? Carries information 36. What are the three parts of the human brain and what do they control? Cerebrum Controls memory, problem solving, thinking & feeling. It also controls movement Cerebellum Controls coordination and balance Brain Stem Controls automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate and digestion 37. What are the 9 organs (in order) that make up the respiratory system and what are their functions? Nose -- Entry and exit point for air Pharynx--Passage way for both air and food (back of throat) Epiglottis -- Skin flap that covers the trachea when we swallow Larynx-- "Voicebox" - Helps you speak using vocal chords Trachea--"Windpipe" Connects your pharynx to your lungs Bronchial Tubes--Give oxygen to the blood Alveoli- Small round sacs which meet up with your blood vessels found at the end of your bronchial tubes. Lungs -- 2 large organs in the chest that hold oxygen Diaphragm -- Muscles that cause you to breath 38. What is the major muscle of the circulatory system? Heart 39. How many chambers does the human heart have? Four 40. Label the chambers of a human heart. 41. What are the three types of blood vessels and what are their functions? 42. What are the three types of blood cells and what is their function? What are seven reasons why bones are so important? 1. Structure 2. Support 3. Protection 4. Make Red Blood Cells 5. Make White Blood Cells 6. Make Platelets 7. Store Minerals 43. How many bones do we have in our adult bodies? 44. How many bones do we have when we are born? 206 300 45. How do all cells in the body rely on the respiratory system? All cells in the body need oxygen to work and the respiratory system supplies the body's cells with oxygen 46. How do all cells in the body rely on the digestive system? All cells in the body need nutrients to work and the digestive system supplies the body's cell with nutrients 47. How do all cells in the body rely on the skeletal system? All cells in the body need oxygen and nutrients to work and the skeletal system makes the blood which delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells. 48. How do all cells in the body rely on the circulatory system? All cells in the body need oxygen and nutrients to work and the circulatory system delivers blood which brings oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells. 49. How do all cells in the body rely on the nervous system? The nervous system controls all of the organ systems and organs in the body making the delivery of information possible 50. What system is the most important and why? There is no one system that is the most important. They all require each other in order to function properly. Microbiology SpongeBob and Patrick wanted to see which brand of bubblegum blew bigger bubbles. They each blew 5 bubbles with 2 different brands of gum. The data show the diameters of the bubbles blown. Use the following data to answer questions 3 and 4. SpongeBob’s results: Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Dubble Bubble 11 cm 12 cm 10 cm 11 cm 11 cm Hubba Bubba 14 cm 8 cm 12 cm 14 cm 8 cm Patrick’s results: Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Dubble Bubble 10 cm 9 cm 12 cm 11 cm 14 cm Hubba Bubba 14 cm 14 cm 12 cm 8 cm 9 cm _____ 1. What should SpongeBob and Patrick do next to analyze their data? a. b. c. d. Repeat their experiment three more times and write a conclusion. Nothing. They should write a conclusion. Find the average size bubble for each brand and make a bar graph. Convert the diameters they measured into inches. _____ 2. Which of the following statements is the best conclusion of SpongeBob and Patrick’s experiment? a. b. c. d. The differences in bubble size are too small to be significant. More testing is needed. Dubble Bubble appears to blow better bubbles, but more testing is needed. Dubble Bubble definitely blows bubbles that are more consistent in size. Hubba Bubba appears to blow better bubbles, but more testing is needed. _____ 3. Marge wants to figure out how to make the best brownies. She follows the recipe for one batch. For the second batch she doubles the sugar and cocoa powder. After gobbling down both trays of brownies and enjoying the second batch more, Homer concludes that the more sugar the better the brownies. Which of the following statements offers a possible alternative explanation for why Homer liked the second batch better? a. b. c. d. Homer was not blindfolded and knew that the second batch had more sugar. Maybe he liked the second batch better because he liked the idea of more sugar. Sugar was not the only difference between the brownies. Maybe Homer liked the second batch better because of the doubled cocoa powder Neither a nor b offer a possible alternative explanation for why Homer liked the second batch better. Both a and b offer a possible alternative explanation for why Homer liked the second batch better. Use this bar graph to answer questions 4 and 5. _____ 4. The bar graph above shows distances flown by paper airplanes with (striped) and without (dotted) winglets. Lisa made and threw the plane with winglets. Bart made and threw the plane without winglets. Bart concludes that planes without winglets are lousy. Which of the following statements best describes Bart’s reasoning? a. b. c. d. Bart’s conclusion is unreliable. The experiment includes too many variables and needs more trials. Bart’s conclusion is correct, but more throws are necessary to prove it. Bart’s conclusion is correct. Paper airplanes with winglets always fly farther. Bart’s conclusion is unreliable because he didn’t like paper airplanes without winglets to begin with. _____ 5. Which of the following statements offers an alternative explanation for why the paper airplane with winglets flew farther? a. b. c. d. Both C and D offer possible reasons why the plane with winglets flew farther. There is no alternative explanation. Planes with winglets always fly farther. Maybe Lisa makes better paper airplanes than Bart. Maybe Lisa throws paper airplanes better than Bart. _____ 6. Cells of multicellular organisms repeatedly divide for all of the following reasons except…. a. b. c. d. to repair damaged or injured parts of the organism. so that the organism can grow. to provide the organism with energy. so that the organism can replace old cells. _____ 7. All of the following organelles are in plants cells but not in animal cells except…. a. b. c. d. mitochondria cell walls large vacuoles chloroplasts Cell A Cell B _____ 8. Which of the following statements about the two cells above is not true? a. b. c. d. Both cells are eukaryotic. Both cells are prokaryotic. Cell B is an animal cell. Cell A is a plant cell. _____ 9. Which of the following statements best defines DNA? a. b. c. d. It controls what goes into and out of the cell. The information of the cell. The energy of the cell. The part of the cell where proteins are made. _____ 10. A small piece of DNA that determines an inherited trait of an organism is called…. a. b. c. d. cytoplasm a gene a chromosome a centriole Botany: ______1. Water is a compound that is made of ______ Hydrogen atoms and _________Oxygen atoms. a. b. c. d. 2, 2 2, 1 3, 1 1, 2 ______2. Glucose is an important sugar to both plants and humans. The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. Which element does the C in the formula represent? a. b. c. d. Carbon Calcium Cobalt Chlorine ______3. The sugar that is produced by photosynthesis is? a. b. c. d. Cellulose Dextrose Glucose Sucrose ______4. Which cell organelle is responsible for capturing sunlight and using it to produce food? a. b. c. d. Nucleus Mitochondrion Ribosome Chloroplast ______5. Some fungi live on or in plants causing the plants harm. These fungi are called? a. b. c. d. Lichen Parasites Viruses Host ______6. Algae are important as food for more complex organisms. Because they make their own food from sunlight , they a. b. c. d. are considered……. producers consumers decomposers parasites ______7. What process uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars? (6CO2 + 6H2O (Light energy) C6H12O6 + 6 O2) a. b. c. d. Carbonation Perspiration Respiration Photosynthesis ______8. Where does a producer gets it energy from? a. b. c. d. Breaking down waste Plants Eating other organisms Sunlight ______9. Asexual reproduction involves ________parent(s) and produces offspring that are _________ to the parent(s). a. b. c. d. One Parent, Not Identical One Parent, Identical Two Parents, Identical Two Parents, Not Identical ______10. Yeast cells, that are used to make bread, reproduce asexually by… a. Producing eggs b. Uniting two cells c. Producing spores d. Budding