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B3.1e Which of the following best describes the chemical equation shown below? 6CO2 + 6H2O a. b. c. d. light ----------- Chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 Photosynthesis: proteins and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced Respiration: lipids and water are used and carbon dioxide and glucose are produced. Respiration: glucose and oxygen are used and carbon dioxide and water are produced. Photosynthesis: carbon dioxide and water are used and glucose and oxygen are produced. B2.5e Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? a. b. c. d. Photosynthesis and cell respiration use light energy to produce ATP. Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates that are used to make ATP during cellular respiration. Photosynthesis produces ATP that is used to make carbohydrates in cellular respiration. Photosynthesis and cell respiration produce carbohydrates with high-energy bonds. B4.2f and B2.2C Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the a. b. c. d. same amino acid can have many different properties Size of a given amino acid can vary Chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary Sequence and number of amino acids is different B2.2C Which organic molecule is a polymer of amino acids? a. protein Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 1 b. carbohydrates c. lipid d. nucleic acid (B2.2D, B2.5D) Milk is an important part of many people’s diets. When the word milk is mentioned, most people think of dairy milk derived from cows. Many people, however, cannot drink dairy milk because of lactose intolerance. Individuals with this condition are unable to digest a component in the milk called lactose. Lactose is the sugar in dairy milk. It is a disaccharide made from the sugars glucose and galactose. Lactose-intolerant individuals lack the enzyme lactase, which is needed for the digestion of lactose sugar. Many lactose-intolerant individuals drink soymilk instead of dairy milk. Soymilk is produced from soybeans (the seeds of the soybean plant) and is a nutritious substitute for dairy milk. Soymilk contains protein, calcium, and other essential nutrients just as dairy milk does. The table below compares some of the nutrition information for a serving of dairy milk and a serving of soymilk. Dairy Milk and Soymilk Nutrition Information Whole Dairy Milk 8 oz. (240 ml) Serving Size Unsweetened Soymilk 8 oz. (240 ml) % Daily Value Calories Amount Per Serving 150 Amount Per Serving %Daily Value Total Fat Saturated Fat 8g 5g 12% 25% 4g 0.5 g 6% 3% Cholesterol 35 mg 11% 0 mg. 0% Sodium 125 mg 5% 85 mg. 4% Total Carbohydrates 12 g 4% 4g 1% Sugars 12 g Protein 8g 16% 7g 14% Vitamin A --- 6% --- 10% Vitamin C --- 10% --- 0% Vitamin D --- 25% --- 0% Calcium --- 30% 30% Iron 0% 90 1g ----- --6% Table A Looking at Table A, determine which type of milk, per serving, will theoretically yield a greater amount of ATP in the human body, and what is the reason for this? a. soymilk, because it contains no cholesterol Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 2 b. dairy milk, because it has larger amounts of sugar and fat c. soymilk, because it has larger amounts of vitamins A and D d. dairy milk, because it contains vitamin C B2.5i Which cell structure contains molecules that direct cell activities? a. b. c. d. Ribosome Nucleus Mitochondrion Chloroplast B2.5h A student places a fresh, crisp piece of celery in a beaker X, filled with tap water. The student also places a fresh, crisp piece of celery in beaker Y, filled with concentrated salt water. The student observes the celery and records the data in the table shown. Time Beaker X Tap Water Beaker Y Salt Water Before placing in water crisp Crisp After 1 hour in water crisp soggy and soft Which of the following best describes why the celery in beaker Y became soggy and soft? a. b. c. d. Salt diffused from the salt water solution into the celery cells’ cytoplasm and caused the cells to die Water osmosed from the celery cells into the salt water solution. Water osmosed from the salt water solution into the celery cells. Salt diffused from the salt water solution into the celery cells’ chloroplasts and caused photosynthesis to stop. Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 3 B2.4g The illustrations below represent two different cells. Figure 3 Which of the following statements best identifies these two cells in Fig. 3? a. b. c. d. Cell X is a plant cell and cell Y is an animal cell Cell X is a prokaryotic cell and cell Y is a eukaryotic cell Cell X is an archae cell and cell Y is a eubacterial cell Cell X is a red blood cell and cell Y is a muscle cell B2.2C . Glucose is a building block of carbohydrates. Which of these best describes glucose? a. Lipid b. Nucleotide c. Protein d. Monosaccharide B2.2D Which of these correctly matches the molecule with its function? a. b. c. d. Enzyme – speeds up/regulates chemical reactions Carbohydrates – manufactures cell membranes Lipid – stores genetic information Vitamin – supplies energy to cells 1E. ESSAY (B2.5h) The diagram below (Fig. 4) shows a cross section of part of a cell membrane. Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 4 Figure 4 a. Describe the basic structure of the cell membrane b. Describe TWO primary functions of the cell membrane c. Explain how the structure of the cell membrane allows it to perform the functions described in your answer to part b. *Please answer question 1E on the paper provided for essay questions. B2.5h The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called a. b. c. d. Perforated Permeable Semi-permeable Non-conductive B2.4e Which of the following most likely happens in the cells of a person running the Boston Marathon? a. b. c. d. The cell division rate increases to produce more muscle fibers. The respiration rate increases to produce more ATP. The replication rate increases to produce more DNA The photosynthesis rate increases to produce more sugar. B2.5f Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight? a. Glucose b. Carbon dioxide c. Chlorophyll d. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) B2.5g A cell is observed under a microscope and found to have the following: Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 5 Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cell wall Which of the following is the best conclusion based on these observations? a. b. c. d. It is either an animal cell or a protist It is not a plant cell. It is not an animal cell. It is either a plant cell or a bacterium. B2.5i Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes? a. b. c. d. Golgi apparatus Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Lysosome B2.5h Which cell process will move substances against a concentration gradient? a. diffusion b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. osmosis diffuse across the membrane; iodine molecules are not. If iodine reacts with starch, the starch turns blue-black. A semi- permeable membrane is stretched across a funnel filled with starch solution. Figure 6 shows the funnel inverted into a beaker containing an iodine solution. Starch molecules are too large to Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 6 Figure 6 B2.5h Suppose you observe the setup in Figure 6 after several hours. What will happen to the level and color of the liquid inside the stem of the funnel? a. The level will rise and the color will remain unchanged. c. The level will remain unchanged and the color will turn black. d. The level will rise and the color will turn blueblack b. The level will fall and the color will remain unchanged. Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 7 (B2.5i) Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? a. Golgi apparatus b. Vacuole c. Mitochondria d. Ribosome B4.3A The two main stages of cell division are called a. mitosis and interphase. b. synthesis & cytokinesis. c. the M phase and the S phase. d. Mitosis and cytokinesis. B2.1C . Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their a. a. size. b. spindle fibers. c. growth rate. d. surface area. . A base sequence is: ACAGTGC How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA? a. b. c. d. TGTCACG GUGACAU UGUCACG CACUGUA B4.1c In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b) is recessive. Two guinea pigs were crossed as shown. What is the probability that an offspring from this cross would have brown fur? (BB x Bb) a. 0% b. 25% c. 75% d. 100% B4.1e . Which of these describes the phenotypes of the parent guinea pigs in the cross above? (BB x Bb) e. f. g. h. Both parents have brown fur Both parents have black fur One parent has black fur, and the other parent has brown fur One parent has a mixture of black and brown fur, and the other parent has black fur. Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 8 2E. (ESSAY) B4.1e A woman that is homozygous dominant for having freckles (F) and man that is heterozygous for having freckles have a child. What is the probability that their child will have freckles? In your response, be sure to include: A completed Punnett square The genotypes and phenotypes of the parents The possible genotypes and phenotypes of the child An explanation of how DNA determines a trait such as freckles *Please answer question 2E on the paper provided for essay questions B4.3e . A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal (deadly) allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of this individual? a. Two dominant normal alleles b. One recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele c. One dominant lethal allele and one recessive normal allele B4.3A . Which of the following BEST describes meiosis? d. It is the first stage mitosis e. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement f. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism g. It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord 5’ G T A _ _ _ A A 3’ 3’ C A T G C A T T 5’ B4.3e . The above segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme would replace them with a. CGT b. GCA c. CTG d. GTA B4.3B and B4.2E Which of the following would affect an animal’s future offspring? Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 9 b. c. d. e. nuclear radiation that causes a mutation in the animal’s sperm cells toxic chemicals that cause a mutation in the animal’s skin cells gamma radiation that causes a mutation in the animal’s liver cell x-rays that cause a mutation in the animal’s nerve cells B4.1d Mendel’s law of segregation states that during meiosis the genes that control each trait separate and only ______from each pair is/are passed to the offspring. f. g. h. i. the dominant trait one gene two genes the recessive trait EVOLUTION B5.1c . Which of the following pair is an example of homologous structures? a. Whale pelvis, alligator leg b. Human wisdom teeth, human tail bone c. Fetal skeleton, cranial cavity d. Bat wing, human arm B5.1c Which of the following provides the most conclusive evidence that organisms of two different species share a common ancestor? a. b. c. d. they reproduce at the same time they live in the same ecosystem they have similar DNA sequences they have similar body movements B5.1e Which statement BEST summarizes natural selection? e. fit organisms survive, reproduce and pass on their traits to offspring f. fit organisms are stronger and enable the less fit organisms to adapt g. all organisms survive, acquire traits and pass those traits to offspring h. all organisms adapt to the limited resources, which makes them successful Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 10 ORGANS AND HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS B2.3d, B2.3f, B2.3e Which system coordinates the body’s response to change in its internal and external environments? i. lymphatic system j. nervous system k. excretory system l. reproductive system B2.3d What is the function of the central nervous system? m. to relay information n. to receive information o. to analyze information p. all of the above B2.3d Which type of tissue provides support for the body? q. epithelial r. connective s. nerve t. muscle B2.3d Which of the following is NOT a blood type found in the human population? u. A+ v. B-w. AC+ x. OB2.3d The main function of the skull is to y. produce blood cells. z. protect the heart and lungs. aa. protect the brain. bb. act like a lever for muscle attachment. Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 11 B2.3f, B2.3e Which of the following organs removes extra water from the blood to keep the amount of fluid in the bloodstream at the proper level? cc. kidneys dd. liver ee. pancreas ff. stomach B2.3d Which of the following is a correct order in which air moves through the human respiratory system when a person inhales? gg. nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs hh. nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs ii. pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs jj. pharynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs B2.3f, B2.3d The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to kk. enhance the amount of available oxygen in the lungs ll. coordinate muscles controlling breathing mm. release enzymes to increase the exchange of gases nn. exchange gases with the circulatory B2.3d Which of the following is NOT typically transported by the blood? oo. Nutrients pp. Glucose qq. Bacteria rr. Oxygen B2.3d The most important function of the skin is ss. protection tt. storing fat uu. sweating vv. insulation B2.3d What two layers make up skin? ww. keratin and dermis xx. epidermis and melanin yy. epidermis and dermis zz. melanin and keratin Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 12 B2.3d What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food? aaa. trachea bbb. esophagus ccc. bronchus ddd. pharynx B2.3d Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the digestive and circulatory systems? eee. the digestive system extracts nutrients from food, and the circulatory system delivers these nutrients to cells fff. the digestive system moves food to the intestine, and the circulatory system moistens the food for digestion ggg. the digestive system secretes acids, and the circulatory system delivers these acids to cells hhh. the digestive system signals the intestines to transport nutrients, and the circulatory system absorbs oxygen from these nutrients B2.3d Which endocrine gland secretes sex hormones? iii. Adrenal medulla jjj. Testis kkk. Hypothalamus lll. Pituitary B2.6a, B2.3f The fight-or-flight response includes greater heart output and a rise in blood pressure. This response is due to mmm. nnn. ooo. ppp. Insulin secreted by the pancreas. Thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland. Adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands. Oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland. B2.3e During exercise, human body temperature increases. How does the human body react to return its temperature to a normal level? qqq. the heart beats more slowly rrr. the blood vessels constrict sss. the sweat glands produce more sweat ttt. the excretory system produces more urine Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 13 B2.6a, B2.3f How does the human digestive system help prevent illness that could be caused by bacteria in food? uuu. the stomach secretes acid vvv. the gall bladder secretes bile www. the pancreas secretes insulin xxx. the large intestine secretes water B2.3e What is the GREATEST danger to a patient who has had damage to the skin? yyy. zzz. aaaa. bbbb. loss of oils produced by the skin excessive muscle contractions in the damaged area infections in uncovered tissues damaged tissue entering the blood stream B2.3e A calorie is the amount of energy needed to cccc. raise the temperature of the body by 1 degree Celcius dddd. raise the temperature of 1 g of fat by 1 degree Celcius eeee. raise the temperature 1 g of water by 1 degree Celcius ffff. none of the above B2.2D Substances that are needed by the body for growth, repair and maintenance are called gggg. enzymes hhhh. nutrients iiii. ATP jjjj. calories B2.2D The raw materials that the body needs for growth and repair come from kkkk. proteins llll. unsaturated fats mmmm. carbohydrates nnnn. water B2.3C Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the population because people with HIV oooo. pppp. Are unable to fight off these pneumonia-causing organisms Are more often exposed to these pneumonia-causing organisms Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 14 qqqq. Release pheromones that attract the pneumonia-causing organisms. rrrr. Release substances that increases the strength of the pneumonia-causing organisms B2.5B What structure is common to all of the kingdoms of living organisms ssss. DNA tttt. Nucleus uuuu. Cell Wall vvvv. Mitochondria ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT B3.3A Use the relationships in the food web below to answer the following question: Which of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of foxes over time? c. a decrease in raspberry bushes d. a decrease in owls e. an increase in hawks f. an increase in mountain lions B3.3A Use the previous food web to answer this question: According to the food web, which of these supply energy for all the others: wwww. sparrow Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 15 xxxx. yyyy. zzzz. mountain lion raspberry bush rabbit B3.2C, B3.3A 3E. (ESSAY) Use the food web below to respond to this essay. Put your answer on the essay answer sheet. Describe the flow of energy in the wetland food web. In your response, be sure to a. Name the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the Heron b. Identify the trophic levels of the different organisms in the wetland food web c. Explain how the other organisms in the wetland ecosystem would be affected by the sudden disappearance of the Heron population B3.5f, The graph below shows a change in a deer population in an ecosystem over time. Which term best describes the area on the graph where the population levels off? aaaaa. bbbbb. ccccc. ddddd. overpopulation extinction carrying capacity species competition Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 16 B3.1f Two substances, X and Y, are used by a plant cell in a process that forms the products shown below: Figure 1 What substances are represented by X and Y in Figure 1 above? a. water and carbon dioxide b. nitrogen and oxygen c. water and oxygen d. carbon dioxide and nitrogen B3.1B Which of the following best represents energy conversion during respiration? a. b. c. d. C6H12O6 + O2 bonds broken ATP + H2O + CO2 H2O + CO2 bonds formed ATP ATP + C6H12O6 bonds broken H2O + O2 + CO2 H2O + CO2 bonds formed C6H12O6 Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 17 Figure 2 B2.4f In Figure 2, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule? a. A and B b. B and C c. C and D d. all of the above B2.4f Look at Figure 2. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT a. structure A. b. structure B. c. structure C. d. structure D. B Which structures shown in Figure 2 make up an ATP molecule? a. A and B b. A, B, and C Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett c. A, B, C, and D d. C and D Page 18 B3.1C Which of the following are used in the overall reactions for photosynthesis? a. carbon dioxide c. light b. water d. all of the above Rev. 1-22-13 Davis/Bassett Page 19