Download Earth`s Surface and Layers Notes

Earth’s Surface and Layers Notes
Vocabulary
a. Geology: the science or study of Earth’s structure,
composition, and history
b. Geologist: a scientist who studies the processes
that form and change the Earth
Layers of the Earth
Layer
Location
crust
outermost layer,
5-20 miles thick
mantle
middle layer
between crust and
core
liquid rocks and
minerals
outer core
liquid metal
between mantle
and inner core
liquid metal
(iron and nickel)
inner core
solid ball at the
center of Earth
solid metal (iron
and nickel)
crust
mantle
outer
core
inner
core
Made of
rock, soil, and
water
Plate Tectonics Notes
Vocabulary
a.
Theory: a carefully-built set of ideas based on
evidence that explains many scientific
observations
b.
Plate Tectonics: theory that states that it is the
plates, not the continents, that move
c.
Plates: moving rigid blocks of Earth’s crust and
upper mantle
**Movement of plates caused by heat energy.
Plate Tectonic Boundaries
Divergent /
Tension
Convergent /
Compression
plates move away
plates move toward
from each other or
each other or
divide
collide
Sliding (Shear if
up and down)
plates slide past
each other
**fault lines: boundaries between plates
Effects of Plate Movement
a.
Volcano: opening in the earth’s crust through
which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected
b.
Earthquake: shaking and vibration at the surface
of the earth resulting from underground movement
along a fault plane or from volcanic activity
How many plates
do you see?
______________
On what plate
do we live ?
_______________
_______________
What is Pangea?
What scientists consider the
supercontinent that was at one
time all connected and has now
separated into the continents we
know today