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Transcript
Name: ______________________________________________Date:______________pr.______ Plate Tectonics/Earth’s Interior Chapter 5 pg 123 Please read for understanding. Then complete this study guide paying attention to the objectives. Section 1 Earth’s Interior page 124- 131 Objectives: By the end of this section you should be able to: explain how geologists learn about earth’s inner structures and be able to identify the characteristics of Earth’s crust including the crust, mantle, and core. 1. Why doesn’t the Earth look the same today as it did millions of years ago? ________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What types of evidence do scientists use to learn about the inside of the Earth? ______________ _______________________Give an example of each: A)_________________________________ __________________________B)___________________________________________________ 3. What can a rock sample tell scientists about the Earth? ________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe one “indirect evidence” method scientists use to observe the interior of the Earth: ____ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ A Journey to the Center of the Earth page 127 5. Why does it become warmer and warmer as you travel toward the center of the Earth? ______ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why is the center of the Earth so hot? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is pressure and why does it increase as you travel towards the center of the Earth? _____ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 The Crust 8. What is the crust? ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ How thick does the book say the crust is? _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What rock is the crust made out of beneath the oceans? _________________________ The Mantle 9. Describe the mantle: ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Lithosphere- _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 11. Athenosphere- ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. Lower Mantle- ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ The Core 13. Describe the Core: _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 14. What do scientists think is responsible for the Earth’s magnetic field? ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 15. Please draw a cross section of the Earth identifying the crust, mantle, lithosphere, athenosphere, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. 2 Section 2 page 132-135 Objectives: By the end of this section you should be able to: explain how heat is transferred; identify what causes convection currents; and describe convection currents in the earth’s mantle. There are three ways that heat is transferred they are: 16. Radiation- ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 17. Conduction- __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 18. Convection- __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 19. What are convection currents? Please give examples: _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 20. Describe how convection currents work within the earth: _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Draw a picture of convection currents within the earth: 3 Section 3 Drifting Continents page 136-140 Objectives: By the end of this section you should be able to: Explain Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about the continents; list the evidence used by Wegener to support his hypothesis; Explain why other scientists at the time rejected Wegener’s theory. 21. What was Wegener’s hypothesis? ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 22. Today we call his theory: ________________________________ 23. What was Pangaea? ___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 24. What evidence did Wegener use to support his idea? (bottom of pg 137) _________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 25. Identify and describe evidence from land features: ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 26. Identify and describe evidence from fossils: ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 27. Identify and describe evidence from climate: ________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 28.Why was Wegener’s theory rejected by other scientists: _______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Section 4 Sea Floor Spreading page 141-147 Objectives: By the end of this section you should be able to: List eh evidence for sea floor spreading; explain the process of sea floor spreading; describe the process of subduction. 29. What are mid ocean ridges and how did we discover them? ___________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 30. Describe sea floor spreading: ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4 Draw a diagram showing sea floor spreading: 31. What evidence from molten material does the book describe: __________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 32. What evidence from magnetic stripes is there? ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 33. How do scientists use drilling samples to understand sea floor spreading? _________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Subduction at Trenches page 146 34. Describe the process of subduction: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 35. Is the Atlantic Ocean getting wider or narrower? ________________ Section 5 The Theory of Plate Tectonics page 150-154 Objectives: By the end of this section you should be able to: Explain the theory of plate tectonics; describe the three different types of plate boundaries. How Plates Move 36. What is plate tectonics? ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5 There are three types of plate boundaries, they are: 37. Divergent boundaries- __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Draw a picture of one: 38. Convergent boundaries- _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Draw a picture of one: 39. Transform boundaries- _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Draw a picture of one: 6