Download HONORS BIOLOGY Name 2014 Period ______ EVOLUTION and

HONORS BIOLOGY
2014
Name _____________________
Period ____________
EVOLUTION and CLASSIFICATION ASSESSMENT (Chapters 13, 14, &16)
Open-note quiz (You’re Welcome!) 
1. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based on the assumption that
a. environmental changes will cause changes in body structure in individuals
b. most changes from generation to generation are the result of mutations
c. part of the population of organisms always remains stable
d. different traits inherited by offspring have different survival value.
e. all organisms within a population reproduce several times within their lifespan.
2. Artificial and natural selection both describe ways in which a species evolves. How do they differ?
a. In artificial selection, humans are intentionally choosing organisms for specific traits and
breeding them; in natural selection, nature “chooses” which traits will be passed on.
b. In natural selection, only the strongest organisms are allowed to reproduce; whereas in
artificial selection, the weaker members of a species are given an opportunity to reproduce.
c. Natural selection involves the evolution of adaptive traits within a population over time; in
artificial selection, the traits that evolve decrease the relative fitness of the population.
d. Natural selection and artificial selection are nearly the same, except natural selection
occurs over a much shorter time frame than artificial selection.
3. Scientists hypothesize that cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and radishes developed along a
common evolutionary pathway. Which evidence would best support this hypothesis?
a. Fossils of these plants were found in the same rock layer.
b. Chloroplasts of these plants produce a gas.
c. These plants live in the same environment.
d. These plants have similar proteins.
e. The seeds for all of these plants look nearly identical.
4. All of the following can be used as evidence to support Darwin’s theory of evolution, except the
a. Inheritance of acquired traits through use and disuse
b. homologous structures of living things
c. similarities in embryological development
d. fossil record
e. similarity of chemicals in all living things
5. The structures seen in the diagram to the right can best be described as
a. Analogous structures that indicate a common
function, but not common ancestry.
b. Vestigial structures that are no longer utilized
in modern species but indicate common
ancestry.
c. Homologous structures that indicate common
function, but not common ancestry.
d. Embryological structures that were result of a
common mutation.
e. Homologous structures that indicate common
ancestry, but not common function.
6. In genetic drift, a population experiences a change in the frequency of a given gene/trait, prompted
by random chance rather than a need for adaptation. Which of the following is an example of genetic
drift?
a. Camouflage enables a particular insect species to avoid predators.
b. Half of a deer population is wiped out after an outbreak of a pathogen, while the other half
seems to be resistant.
c. A prominent tails helps the peacock to attract mates.
d. The bird’s beak is well suited for cracking seeds.
e. After a severe hurricane, the surviving members in a population of birds migrate to a new
area in order to seek food and shelter.
7. Population genetics attempts to describe
a. the frequencies of certain genes in a population over time.
b. the specific number of genes that a species has in its genome.
c. the rate at which mutation occur in a population over time.
d. the number of visible variations seen within a population during a given time period.
8. According to modern evolutionary theory, genes responsible for new traits that help a species
survive in a particular environment will usually
a. Not change in frequency over time
b. Decrease rapidly in frequency
c. Decrease gradually in frequency
d. Increase in frequency over time
9. A zoologist found that in the population of frogs in Mr. McGregor’s pond, half the genes for skin color
in the gene pool were for green spots, and half the genes were for brown spots. Which of the
following could cause these proportions to change?
a. A drought shrinks the pond so that only five frogs remain.
b. Females prefer to mate with brown-spotted males
c. Green-spotted frogs can hide more easily among the pond weeds.
d. Filling in a nearby pond causes those frogs to move to McGregor’s pond
e. Any of the above could cause the proportions to change.
10. We know a lot about fossil crabs, snails, and corals, but not much about ancient seaweeds. Why do
you suppose this is the case?
a. There were no seaweeds in ancient oceans.
b. Seaweeds were too soft to fossilize well
c. Animal life was much more abundant than seaweeds in ancient times
d. Plants moved onto land, leaving only animals in the sea
e. A mass extinction wiped out the seaweeds, but animals survived
11. The evolution of numerous species, such as Darwin’s finches, from a single ancestor is called
a. adaptive radiation
c. reproductive isolation
e. gradualism
b. convergent evolution
d. geographic isolation
12. According to the ____ model, evolution occurs in spurts; species evolve relatively rapidly, then
remain unchanged for long periods.
a. nondisjunction
c. geographic isolation
e. divergent evolution
b. gradualism
d. punctuated equilibrium
13. Co-evolution describes how one species evolves in response to the changes in another species.
Which of the following is NOT an example of co-evolution?
a. an insect developing metabolic strategies to tolerate toxic chemicals produced by an oak tree
b. honeybees seeing colors in plants that they pollinate
c. insects eating mites off the skin of owls
d. warning coloration of a monarch butterfly and predators that instinctively avoid bright colors
14. Bullock’s oriole and the Baltimore oriole are closely related, but are they the same species? To find
out, you could see whether they
a. sing similar songs
d. have the same number of chromosomes
b. look alike
e. successfully interbreed
c. live in the same area
15. Fossils of organism A are found in a layer of rock that lies above the layer where fossils of organism
B are found. Which of the following is a valid hypothesis based on these findings?
a. Organisms A and B are closely related
b. Organism B lived before organism A
c. Organism A evolved from organism B
d. Organism A is older than organism B
16. Stanley Miller was able to simulate conditions of primitive earth to make simple organic compounds.
By exposing the gases and water to heat and electric sparks, he produced
a. primitive pre-cells
c . amino acids & simple sugars
e. viral capsids
b. cytoplasm
d. double-stranded DNA
17. Which of the following was probably NOT present in the atmosphere at the time life is thought to
have originated?
a. oxygen gas
b. nitrogen gas
c. water
d. methane
e. carbon dioxide
18. Two species of finches that live in the same area have different size beaks, one large and one small.
What process produced the two different types of beaks?
a. artificial selection based on beak size
d. inheritance of acquired traits
b. natural selection of favorable traits
e. disuse of the beak
c. punctuated equilibrium changes
19. The chart below shows the amino acid sequence in the same part of a hemoglobin molecule of five
different mammal species.
Comparison of Hemoglobin in Five Mammals
Mammal Species
Human
Horse
Gorilla
Chimpanzee
Zebra
Sequence of Amino Acids in a section of
the Molecule
Lys-Glu-His-Iso
Arg-Lys-His-Lys
Lys-Glu-His-Lys
Lys-Glu-His-Iso
Arg-Lys-His-Arg
According to this information, the closest evolutionary relationship most likely exits between the
a. human and the chimpanzee
c. human and the gorilla
b. chimpanzee and the gorilla
d. horse and the zebra
20. The chart above is an example of which type of evidence supporting the theory of evolution?
a. Comparative habitat
d. comparative anatomy
b. Comparative embryology
e. comparative biochemistry
c. Comparative physiology
Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the following information and graph.
Percentage of beetles found
(including fossils & non-fossils)
A study of beetles on an isolated oceanic island that was formed by volcanic action and is far from any
other land shows that all of the beetles that are presently on the island are incapable of flying. A study of
fossils from different rock layers of the island shows that the island was once populated with flying beetles.
The graph shows the probable change over the last 5000 years.
Changes in Beetle Population
100
Flying beetles
50
Nonflying
beetles
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
Time: from 5,000 years ago up to the present
21. The loss of flying ability by the beetle is most probably the result of
a. predators eating the beetles’ wings
b. genetic changes in the beetles population over time
c. lack of vegetation for the beetle to feed on
d. random catastrophic event, such as an earthquake or flood.
e. beetles not using their wings
22. The graph indicates that the non-flying beetles probably
a. are in constant competition for food and mates.
b. arrived from other islands 5,000 years ago
c. became extinct about 1.5 thousand years ago
d. mutated and produced flying beetles
e. were better adapted to the environment
Scientists studying a butterfly population in a wooded area of
New Jersey recorded the distribution of butterfly wing color as
shown in the following graph. While observing the butterflies,
scientists noted that the butterflies spent most of the day
resting on trees and looking for food during the night. The
woods contained trees with a bark color that was
predominately brown.
23. A fungal infection affected nearly all trees in the
woods so that the color of the tree bark was
changed from brown to a gray-white color. Which
graph shows the most probable results that would
occur in the distribution of wing color in this butterfly
population after a long period of time?
a.
Percentage of butterflies
Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the following information and graph.
Brown
Gray
white
Distribution of butterfly wing
color
c.
Brown Gray
white
b.
Brown Gray
white
Brown Gray
white
d.
Brown Gray
white
24. The change in butterfly wing color distribution would probably occur because
a. Brown females mate only with white males
b. Butterflies that eat the fungus spores change color from brown to white
c. Predators can now see brown butterflies more easily
d. The fungus caused genetic mutation in the butterflies which made their offspring white
e. Butterflies from another population immigrated into and mated with moths in this population
25. The smallest unit that can evolve is a
a. species
b. individual
c. gene
d. population
26. Which pair of structures are analogous?
a. Wing of an insect and wing of a bird
b. Thorns on a plant and arm of a starfish
c. Flipper of a dolphin and bones in the arm of a human
d. Bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of a bat
27. One explanation for the variety of organisms present on earth today is that over time
a. Each environment has changed to support a certain variety of organism
b. Evolution has caused the appearance of organisms that are similar to each other
c. The environment has remained unchanged causing rapid evolution
d. Each time a single species becomes extinct, several new species take its place.
e. New species have adapted to fill every available type of environment
e. cell
28. In an area in Africa, temporary pools form where rivers flow during the rainy months. Some fish have
developed the ability to use their fins as “feet” to travel on land from one of these temporary pools to
another. Other fish in these pools die when the pools dry up. What can be expected to happen in
this area after many years?
a. The fish using fins as feet will be present in increasing numbers
b. The fish using fins as feet will develop real feet
c. The “feet” in the form of fins will develop on all fish
d. All of the varieties of fish will survive and produce many offspring
e. The fish using fins as feet will die out because their fins become deformed
29. Which of the following are responsible for variation within a population?
a. genetic drift and natural selection
b. mutation and sexual reproduction
c. overproduction of offspring and mutation
d. natural selection and mutation
e. sexual reproduction and natural selection
30. What would be the most likely effect on a population if they became geographically isolated, dividing
a population in half?
a. It has no effect on variations in the species.
b. It prevents the occurrence of mutations by dividing out “good” from “bad” genes
c. It favors the production of new species because the 2 populations can no longer interbreed.
d. It encourages breeding between different species.
e. Both segments of the divided population will probably die out.
31. After the Industrial Revolution in England (and in the United States, as well), soot covered the bark of
trees where moths often rested. The number of light-colored moths decreased and the number of
dark-colored moths increased. How can this be explained in terms of natural selection?
a. The dark colored moths chased the light colored moths away from the soot covered trees.
b. The light colored moths changed their colors in order to blend in with the darker trees.
c. Once the trees were dark, light colored moths had a genetic variation that gave them an
advantage over dark colored moths.
d. Once the trees were dark, dark colored moths had a genetic variation that gave them an
advantage over light colored moths.
32. The scientist credited for the modern system used to classify & name living things is
a. Linnaeus
b. Hooke
c. Aristotle
d. Darwin
e. Virchow
33.
34.
The science of classifying and naming living things is called
a. Genetics
c. Phylogeny
b. Taxonomy
d. Binomial System
e. Evolution
Using the numbers as listed below to represent classification categories, which sequence indicates
progressively increasing specificity with each group?
1 – Class 2– Phylum 3– Order 4- Family 5– Species
6 – Genus
a. 2-3-1-4-6-5
d. 2-1-4-5-6-3
b. 4-1-3-2-6-5
e. 2-1-3-4-6-5
c. 5-6-4-3-1-2
35.
Based on the new phylogenetic tree of the 3 domains of life,
which of the following statements is false?
a. Organisms within the Archaea domain are more closely related to
organisms in the Eukarya domain than the Bacteria domain.
b. All three domains descended from a single common ancestor.
c. Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor.
d. Organisms within the Archaea domain are more closely related to organisms within the Bacteria
domain because they are all prokaryotic.
e. All of the above statements are true.
36.
When taxonomists use information about DNA, RNA, or proteins, they are classifying organisms
based on ___________ similarities.
a. morphological
d. behavioral
b. biochemical
e. embryological
c. cytological
37.
Which of the following Kingdoms/Domains contain organisms with cell walls?
a. Plantae and Fungi only
d. Plantae only
b. Archaea, Plantae, and Animalia
e. Bacteria, Fungi, and Plantae
c. Bacteria, Archaea, Animalia
38.
A dichotomous key
a. is an identification method used to classify newly discovered organisms.
b. is a chemical analysis used to place specimens into certain categories.
c. is a tool used to identify previously classified organisms using paired statements.
d. attaches to a specific molecule like a lock-and-key.
e. is the key to a biologist’s heart.
39.
Which organism below uses a form of heterotrophic nutrition?
a. algae
b. mosses
c. mushroom
d. cyanobacteria
40.
e. Choice c and d.
Phylogeny
a. refers to the evolutionary history of a species.
d. Choice a and b are correct.
b. can indicate common ancestors of groups of related organisms. e. Choices a, b, & c are correct
c. is the naming system used for organisms.
41.
Which of the following statements about Archaea & Bacteria is/are TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Archaea are all heterotrophic; Bacteria are all autotrophic.
Archaea can live in harsh environments, often without oxygen.
Archaea and Bacteria both have peptidoglycan as a component in the cell wall.
Archaea and Bacteria have very similar chemical composition.
All of the above statements are true.
42. Cladograms determine evolutionary relationships between organisms by examining
a. The number of individuals in a population with a particular trait
b. Shared derived characters among different organisms
c. Shared primitive characters among different organisms
d. The degree of structural difference between organisms
e. All of the above
43.
The scientific name of the wolf is Canis lupus. The wolf is a member of the
a. genus Canis and species lupus
d. genus Canis and phylum lupus
b. species Canis and genus lupus
e. family Canis and genus lupus
c. phylum Canis and genus lupus
44.
An organism called Spirogyra is a one-celled organism frequently found in long filaments. Each cell
contains chloroplasts and a nucleus as part of the cell structure. In which kingdom should these
organisms best be classified?
a. Fungi
b. Animalia
c. Protista
d. Eubacteria
e. Plantae
45.
Organisms that are very similar in structure and in the way they perform life functions, but are NOT
capable of interbreeding, should be classified in the same
a. genus but different species
d. genus but different family
b. species but different phylum
e. species but different class
c. phylum but different kingdom
46.
All of the types of evidence listed below can be used to classify organisms except
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Color, sex, and age
Metabolic enzymes, developmental changes, and fossils
Type of nutrition, number of cells, and basic structure
Behavior, fossil record, and size
All of the above can be used to classify organisms
47. When individual members from two different species interbreed, the offspring
a. do not survive
d. are genetically identical to the female parent
b. form a new species
e. are usually smaller and weaker than the parents
c. are hybrids and not fertile
48. Multicellular, heterotrophic organisms without cell walls are classified in which kingdom?
a. Fungi only
c. Fungi and Animalia only
e. More information is needed.
b. Protista only
d. Animalia only
49.
The thermoacidophile, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, lacks peptidoglycan, but still possesses a cell wall.
What is likely to be true of this species?
1. It is in the Bacteria domain.
2. It is in the Archaea domain.
3. The optimal pH of its enzymes will lie above pH 7.
4. The optimal pH of its enzymes will lie below pH 7.
5. It could inhabit certain hydrothermal springs with temperatures above 60°C.
6. It is likely a pathogenic and closely related to streptococcus.
a. 2, 3, 6
50.
b. 2, 4, 5
c. 1, 4, 5
d. 2, 3, 5
Here’s your “gift” question. Put A….you know why!! 
a. Yay for Biology!
e. 1, 4, 6