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Rome Reading Quiz 1. Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil? A. Babylonian B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Roman 2. One contribution of ancient Roman culture was the development of A. the concept of zero B. the process of making silk C. a republican form of government D. the printing press 3. A geographic similarity between Italy and India is that both of these countries are located A. on peninsulas B. on archipelagos C. between two oceans D. south of the equator 4. • Roman women could own property. • Roman women could make wills leaving their property to whomever they chose. A valid conclusion drawn from these facts is that Roman women A. had the right to vote B. enjoyed some legal rights C. were equal to men D. could hold political offices 5. How did the geography of the Italian peninsula influence the development of the Roman Empire? A. The unnavigable rivers in the northern part of the peninsula protected the Romans from their neighbors. B. The harsh climate prevented agricultural production on the Italian peninsula. C. The lengthy, rugged seacoast encouraged frequent invasions of the Italian peninsula. D. The location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region. 6. In both ancient Mesopotamia and the Roman republic, an important feature of life was A. A codified set of laws B. Aqueducts to provide water C. Social and political equality for all D. A willingness to accept Christianity 7. All of the following were reasons for the fall of Rome except A. Barbarian invasions B. High Taxes C. Corrupt Emperors D. Successful Military Campaigns 8. Which development is most closely associated with the beginning of the Byzantine Empire? A. emergence of the Russian Orthodox Church B. division of the Roman Empire C. building of the Hagia Sophia D. fall of Constantinople What continents did the Romans conquer land on? _______________________________________ What sea united the Roman conquered lands? _______________________________________ List one advantage of conquering a vast empire: ____________________________ List one disadvantage of conquering a vast empire: ____________________________ While some Roman emperors improved the empire, some Roman emperors harmed it. Unfortunately, emperors served for life. The only way to remove a corrupt or bad emperor was to murder him. Between A.D. 180 and 284, 25 out of 29 Roman emperors were murdered. Caligula became emperor in 37 A.D. (C.E.) He was insane. Some individuals reported that he made his favorite horse a senator and demanded that people call him a god. Eventually, his own guards killed him. Nero was one of Rome’s worst emperors. He thought of himself as an artist and sang and played the lyre. When he played, people were forced to listen. In 64 A.D., a fire lasting nine days destroyed half of Rome. Some people said that Nero started the fire. They even said that he played his lyre while Rome burned! Finally, Nero was forced to take his own life. Hadrian ruled from 117 – 138 A.D. He passed laws that protected women, children, and slaves. He even built a wall across England. This wall defended Roman territory in the south of England from the enemy in the north. Marcus Aurelius became emperor in 161 A.D. He lived a simple life and liked books and ideas. He even took direct command of the Roman army to protect the empire from barbarians, or Germanic invaders of the Western Roman Empire. Aurelius was able to make a temporary peace with the Germanic invaders. Constantine was an important Roman emperor. He converted to Christianity approximately three hundred years after the Romans crucified Jesus. Constantine’s conversion led to the protection and tolerance of Christians in the empire. Write one fact about each of the following Roman emperors: Caligula: _____________________________________________________ Nero: _______________________________________________________ Trajan: _______________________________________________________ Hadrian: ______________________________________________________ Marcus Aurelius: _______________________________________________ Constantine: ___________________________________________________ Create a list of problems Rome experienced as it became an empire: 1. _______________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________________ Matching Exercise: ______ He was an important Roman emperor. He converted to Christianity. A. Pax Romana ______ Citizens elect representatives. It lasted in Rome from 509 to 27 B.C. B. Barbarian C. Constantine ______ It was the written law of Rome. It included concepts like innocent until proven guilty. D. Republic ______ It was a golden age in the Roman Empire. It was a time of peace, prosperity, and achievements. E. Twelve Tables ______ It marks the fall of Rome. High taxes, invasions, and corrupt rulers were factors. ______ They were the wealthy landowners of Rome. They served in the Senate. F. Code of Justinian G. Punic Wars _______ It was an ethnocentric term. It referred to a person outside of the Roman Empire (member of a Germanic tribe). H. 476 A.D. _______ These wars between Rome and Carthage led to Rome’s rise to power as an empire builder. I. Patricians _______ They were the working people of the Roman Empire. They wanted political rights. J. Plebeians _______ After the fall of Rome, a Byzantine emperor collected and organized all Roman laws into a code. Working with Documents: Document 1 1. List principles of Roman law that show the Romans were concerned with protecting the rights of the defendant? Document 2 Excerpt from the Twelve Tables If anyone summons a man before the magistrate [judge], he must go… One who has confessed a debt, or against whom a judgment has been pronounced, shall have thirty days to pay it. After that, seizure of his person is allowed. Females should remain in guardianship even when they have become adults. If one has broken a bone of a freeman with his hand or with a club, let him pay a penalty of three hundred coins. If he has broken the bone of a slave, let him have one hundred and fifty coins. If one is guilty of insult, the penalty should be twenty-five coins. 2. List Roman laws that clearly influenced modern laws in the West today and Roman laws that are no longer used in the West today. Document 3 Excerpt from bbc.co.uk Life for women in Roman times was often hard. Mother was less important than father in the family. Father had the power of life or death over everyone. When a new baby was born it would be laid at its father's feet - if the father picked the baby up it would live, but if he ignored the baby it would be taken away to die. Women were expected to run the home, cook meals, and raise children. If they were wealthy, women were lucky; they had slaves to do the work. Many girls were married at the age of 14. Marriages were often arranged between families. A man could divorce his wife if she did not give birth to a son. Many women died young (in their 30s), because childbirth could be dangerous, and diseases were common. 3. Based on this document, what can you tell about the Roman Republic and Class/Gender: