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“FICKLE” VERBS: THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND FOR PASSE COMPOSE Auxiliary verb (helping verb) – AVOIR or ETRE? FICKLE VERBS o o o o o Descendre Monter Passer Sortir Rentrer Sometimes these verbs change their meaning slightly and have direct object. To review direct object idea: http://french.about.com/od/grammar/a/directobjects.htm) When these ETRE verbs have a direct object, they use AVOIR as their helping verb. PC with avoir:- subject and past participle do NOT agree in number and gender PC with être: subject and past participle DO agree in number and gender This is a situation – fickle verbs - in which you can generalize with a simple strategy: Is there a preposition after the fickle verb? Use ÊTRE as the helping verb No preposition AND/OR no Direct Object for the fickle verb: Use ÊTRE as the helping verb 1. Marie est descendue au rez-de-chaussee. Marie went down to the ground floor. 2. Elle a descendu l’escalier. She went down the staircase. 3. Les jeunes filles ont sorti leur plan de la ville. The girls took out their city map. 4. Elles sont sorties pour visiter tous les monuments de la ville. They left to visit the city monuments. Write very brief and simple paired sentences for each fickle verb. The first one is done for you. verb Helping Meaning Présent Passé composé verb To move in a downward direction Je descends. descendre être Je suis descendu(e). avoir To move or bring something down, to Je descends ma J’ai descendu ma descend something like a mountain or valise. valise. a staircase être To move upward monter avoir To move (something) upward, to lift, to carry (something) up; to ascend something, like a mountain or a staircase sortir passer rentrer être To go out, to exit avoir To take something out, like the dog or something in your pocket or backpack être To move in a direction avoir To spend (time); to pass something, like the salt, or time; to take a test être To return to a home-base place – to your native land, hometown, your house, your school after vacation To put (something) into a different position; To bring in, tuck in, fetch, hold back avoir TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES TO FRENCH. SORTIR I am going out with my friends. I went out with my friends. I am getting out my computer. I got out my computer. DESCENDRE I am getting out of the train. (descendre DU train) I got out of the train. I am going down the stairs. I went down the stairs. MONTER I’m going up. I went up. I’m taking my suitcases up. I lifted up my suitcases. PASSER I’m going by the school. (passer par) I went by the school. I’m spending a week in France. I spent a week in France. RENTRER I’m coming back. I returned. I’m bringing the cat in. I brought the cat in.