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Creation, Evolution and Intervention:
Which Theory is Correct?
For: Mrs. Talbot bb
Class: Socioledgy88
Date Due: Oct. 9/96
By: Neel Ghelani89
Creation, Evolution and Intervention:
Which Theory is Correct
For many years, it has been widely debated how modern man came about. In this essay, I
will explain the ideas of the three main theories: Evolution, Creation, and Intervention. I
will also discuss which theory I believe and why it is that I believe it.
Evolution
Evolution, in biology, is the complex process by which organisms which originated on
earth change because of changes in their environment and their function on earth. The
earliest fossils ever discovered are from single celled organisms which resemble today's
bacteria. People who believe in evolution believe that for approximately 3.4 billion years
these single celled organisms have changed and evolved into many different species
including humans. This theory also states that humans and other species continue to
evolve today and as a result of all these changes they will eventually become a totally
different species then what they are now. Evolutionists believe that evolution has created
many organisms spread across the globe, some of which have become extinct and some
of which are the plants and animals which live today.
The theory that groups of organisms can be transformed into different organisms has
been suggested many times since the early 1800s, when scientists began looking for
evidence that the evolution process took place. 'The most outstanding evolutionists in the
nineteenth century was Jean Baptist de Lamarck, who argued that the patterns of
resemblance arose through modifications of a common lineage-for example , that lions
tigers and others all descendant from a cat like ancestor.' (Dickey p.42) It had already
been a widely accepted theory that different animals adapt to different modes of life and
environmental conditions. Lamarck argued that physical and mental changes occurred
from animal adaptations to different environments. Once the animal changed, Lamarck
believed that the changes would be passed on to the offspring through genes.
Unfortunately this theory was never really scientifically tested.
Charles Darwin successfully explained the evolutionary process , with his famous book
On The Origins of a Species by Means of Natural Selection. In this book, Darwin stated
that, in the environment organisms who have better qualities such as being faster or trail
scenting are more fit to survive. Consequently they are able to take the vital ingredients
required by unfit organisms such as living space and food. Eventually, they kill off the
unfit and unadapted. This theory is best known as, survival of the fittest, and can be
summarized in the following statement. When environmental conditions change
populations must change in order to be fit and thus survive.
Understanding the evolutionary process depends a great deal upon the interpretations of
the fossil record, which many consider to be incomplete because many fossils can not be
found. For this reason, there are many different views about what the fossil record states.
One fact that puts doubt in the evolution theory is that when a fossil appears in the fossil
record it does so very abruptly, and then stays their for several years. The fossil usually
does not show the gradual changes that take place in the evolution of species. For this
reason, Jay Gould of Harvard university developed a 'punctured equilibrium' theory
stating that the changes do occur rather quicker than some believe.
Creation
'The notion of creation is defined as the production of an existing thing out of no
preexisting material'.(Dickey 237) In the bible and in other comparable ancient
literature, creation is a theme used to explain how human beings came to earth. In the
bible and most other creation stories from ancient religions, the universe is said to be a
great mess in which order was introduced by a God. In the bible, it states that the creator
cleaned up the world and organized everything such as the stars and the day from night.
In many ancient cultures the stories tend to be similar and differ only in terms of places
and figures.
Other ideas of creation include myths of emergence. According to the bible, earth, all of
its species and the universe were created less then 10 000 years ago. The bible also
stated this process took place in six days. It states that man was created when god put two
humans onto the earth, Adam and Eve. The bible said that from these two people came
the entire worlds population today. People who believe the bible creation story word for
word are called fundamentalists.
In the 1700s, James Usher disturbed many traditionalists with his theory that the earth
was probably more then ten thousand years old. What disturbed the creation theory even
more was Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. This theory states that living things are a
product of less sophisticated species. Many fundamentalists refuse to except this because
it would mean that the bible was wrong, or because they didn't want to accept the idea
that we came from a lower order species. They want to believe they want to believe that
god created them and they did not come about as a freak of nature. Today, evolutionists
believe that the creation story is greatly flawed, and the fundamentalists believe that the
theory of evolution is greatly flawed.
Interventionists
In the middle of evolution and creation is Intervention. Interventionists believe that
evolution did take place and that human beings have always been evolving as the theory
of evolution states. Interventionists believe that, in some point in human development,
something from somewhere in the universe, possibly a superior intelligence, another
species or even space aliens, bred with humans thus changing the ape like creatures into
modern humans. One of the most famous interventionists was Alfred Russell Wallace
who presented this theory in the mid to late 1800s.
Interventionists believe that intervention most probably took place when the most
intelligent life was only the Homo Erectuses, A less sophisticated mammal who could
walk upright. There are three major pieces of evidence for intervention: the first is the
quote from the bible discussing intervention: 'When the sons of god came down to earth
and bore children to the daughters of humans.'(Moses p.17) This quote is straight out of a
creation story many believe to state exactly how humans were created, this is why it is so
compelling and makes some people believe intervention must have taken place.
Secondly the fact that the speed of gradual change caused by evolution greatly increased
after the Homo Erectus. Interventionists believe that 'the process of evolution is too slow
and gradual to account for such a rapid change.'(Dickey pg.92) They believe that the
changes increased because the Homo Erectus bred with a different organism giving its
offspring half of its features through its genes.
What I believe
I believe that evolution did take place, because this is the only logical explanation to
explain how fossils have been found in Asia and Africa of creatures that do not exist
today. Many people contend that these fossils were put in these places so God could test
our faith, but it is my opinion that these people want to believe something so badly that
they have fooled themselves into believing this. These people only say this because there
is no other explanation for fossils being where they are other then evolution did take
place. These people want to believe that we are the supreme beings in the galaxy and not
that we came from a unsophisticated monkey so they will do anything to prove evolution
wrong. If god did exist with all the technology we have today we would be able to
scientifically prove it but he doesn't so we can't. We can though prove scientifically how
man was in fact created, through evolution and we know this from fossils.
I believe intervention took place at some point in the middle of the evolution process, but
not with creatures from other planets or even with god but with a different species from
our own planet, who came about from evolution, possibly a Neanderthal and another
smaller less sophisticated creature. I believe this because Charles Darwin's' very
believable theory stated that only the fit survive. Neantherthals were extremely fit. They
were twice as strong as the average human and had much bigger brains. Some people
believe they became extinct during the finale ice age, but they were smart so I believe
they moved south to Africa and adapted to the climate. This could be done by humans
and Neanderthals are considered twice as smart as us so they must have been able to do
it. Once they were in Africa they bred with smaller less sophisticated animals possibly
monkeys and this created the modern human. This explains why the speed of changes in
the fossil record increased so dramatically around the Homo erectus stage in evolution.
What has made me even more sure of intervention is the quote from the bible saying 'the
sons of god bore children to the daughter of humans' This quote is straight from a major
creation story many fundamentalists take very seriously. I don't know how they can
believe that god put man on earth when there only source for information about creation
they have tells them intervention did take place.
Conclusion
Evolution, creation and intervention all are valid theories of how humans came into
existence. The question of which theory is correct is up to each individual to decide . I
believe that evolution does occur and this created many species but I do not believe this
created modern man. I believe intervention occurred and that two products of
intervention bred together in order to make the modern human.
Bibliography
1)Dickey, Norma H. Funk " Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. R. Donnelley and sons;
Washington,1985
2)Moses. 'Genesis' The Holy Bible. Thomas Benson; Nashville,1990
3)Skeoch, Alan. Focus on Society. Merrill Publishing Company; Toronto,1988
Keywords:
creation evolution intervention which theory correct talbot class socioledgy date neel
ghelani creation evolution intervention which theory correct many years been widely
debated modern came about this essay will explain ideas three main theories evolution
creation intervention will also discuss which theory believe that believe biology complex
process organisms originated earth change because changes their environment their
function earth earliest fossils ever discovered from single celled organisms resemble
today bacteria people believe that approximately billion years these single celled
organisms have changed evolved into many different species including humans this also
states that humans other species continue evolve today result these changes they will
eventually become totally different species then what they evolutionists created many
spread across globe some have become extinct some plants animals live today groups
transformed into different been suggested times since early when scientists began looking
evidence process took place most outstanding evolutionists nineteenth century jean
baptist lamarck argued patterns resemblance arose through modifications common
lineage example lions tigers others descendant from like ancestor dickey already been
widely accepted animals adapt modes life environmental conditions lamarck argued
physical mental changes occurred from animal adaptations environments once animal
changed lamarck believed would passed offspring through genes unfortunately this never
really scientifically tested charles darwin successfully explained evolutionary process
with famous book origins means natural selection book darwin stated environment have
better qualities such being faster trail scenting more survive consequently they able take
vital ingredients required unfit such living space food eventually kill unfit unadapted best
known survival fittest summarized following statement when environmental conditions
change populations must change order thus survive understanding evolutionary depends
great deal upon interpretations fossil record consider incomplete because fossils found
reason there views about what fossil record states fact puts doubt when fossil appears
record does very abruptly then stays their several years usually does show gradual take
place reason gould harvard university developed punctured equilibrium stating occur
rather quicker than some notion defined production existing thing preexisting material
dickey bible other comparable ancient literature theme used explain human beings came
earth bible most other stories ancient religions universe said great mess order introduced
bible states creator cleaned world organized everything such stars night ancient cultures
stories tend similar differ only terms places figures ideas include myths emergence
according universe were created less then also stated took place days created humans
onto adam said these people came entire worlds population people story word word
called fundamentalists james usher disturbed traditionalists with probably more thousand
what disturbed even more charles darwin living things product less sophisticated
fundamentalists refuse except because would mean wrong didn want accept idea lower
order want want them come about freak nature evolutionists story greatly flawed
fundamentalists greatly flawed interventionists middle interventionists take human beings
always evolving interventionists point human development something somewhere
universe possibly superior intelligence another even space aliens bred with thus changing
like creatures into modern most famous alfred russell wallace presented late probably
took intelligent life only homo erectuses less sophisticated mammal could walk upright
there three major pieces evidence first quote discussing sons down bore children
daughters moses quote straight story state exactly were compelling makes must taken
secondly fact speed gradual caused greatly increased after homo erectus slow gradual
account rapid dickey increased homo erectus bred organism giving offspring half features
through genes only logical explanation explain fossils found asia africa creatures exist
contend were places could test faith opinion something badly fooled themselves believing
there explanation being where supreme beings galaxy unsophisticated monkey anything
prove wrong exist technology would able scientifically prove doesn though prove
scientifically fact know point middle creatures planets even planet possibly neanderthal
another smaller sophisticated creature charles very believable stated survive neantherthals
extremely twice strong average much bigger brains became extinct during finale smart
moved south africa adapted climate could done neanderthals considered twice smart must
able once africa bred smaller animals possibly monkeys modern explains speed increased
dramatically around erectus stage made sure quote saying sons bore children daughter
straight major very seriously know source information tells them conclusion valid
theories existence question correct each individual decide does occur occurred products
together make bibliography norma funk wagnalls encyclopedia donnelley sons
washington moses genesis holy thomas benson nashville skeoch alan focus society
merrill publishing company toronto
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