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Transcript
Earth’s Interior Part 1 Name _______________________ Date __________________ Hour ______ Problem: What are the layers inside Earth and what are their properties? Directions: Go to the following website to answer the questions for Part 1. http://faculty.weber.edu/bdattilo/shknbk/notes/cmpstrct.htm 1. Create a drawing that shows both the structural and the compositional layers of Earth. Clearly label each layer and whether they are structural or compositional. 2. Why are the compositional layers also called chemical layers? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Why are structural layers also called physical layers? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Why is the earth’s interior divided into both compositional and structural layers? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Inner core outer core asthenosphere Mantle convection mesosphere Lithosphere crust 5. The lithosphere floats on a layer of the Earth’s mantle called the __________________. 6. The liquid layer at the Earth's center is known as the ________________________. 7. The lower part of the mantle below the asthenosphere is called the _________________. 8. The hard, outer layer of the Earth is called the ___________________. 9. The solid layer within the Earth that consists primarily of iron is called the ___________. 10. The __________________ is composed of the crust and the solid portion of the mantle. Created by Nate Childers, Rochester Community School 11. The largest layer of the Earth’s interior is the _____________________. Part 2 Page _____ Background: Scientists have learned about the physical structure of Earth’s interior by measuring seismic waves. Seismic waves are an example of traveling waves, or mechanical waves that travel through a medium. Sound waves are the most familiar example of traveling waves. The speed of sound within a given medium depends on factors such as the density and compressibility of the medium. Seismic waves, however, differ from sound waves in that they consist of two different types: P waves (also called primary or pressure waves) and S waves (also known as secondary or shear waves). One difference between these waves is that S waves do not travel through liquids, whereas P waves do, although more slowly than through solids. Problem: How do we know about the layers deep within Earth? Directions: Go to the following website to answer the questions for Part 2. http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0402/ es0402page01.cfm?chapter_no=investigation 1. What evidence do you see of the dynamic nature of our planet? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe how the material is flowing. _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 3.What types of material do P waves pass through? _______________________________ 4. What types of material do S waves pass through? ______________________________ 5. Based on the pattern of the P and S waves, what type of material is this planet made of? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Observe the path taken by P and S waves in the model planet. Sketch the layers on your diagram and indicate if they are solid or liquid. Created by Nate Childers, Rochester Community School Page _____ Created by Nate Childers, Rochester Community School 7. Observe the path taken by P and S waves in the model planet. Sketch the layers on your diagram and indicate if they are solid or liquid. 8. What happens to the size of the shadow zone as the diameter of the liquid core increases? _____________________________________________________________________ 9. Observe the paths taken by P and S waves through Earth. Sketch the layers on your diagram and indicate if they are solid or liquid. 10. Where are the cool and the hot regions of the mantle located? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 11. What does this tomographic model indicate about the underlying structure? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Created by Nate Childers, Rochester Community School Page _____ Part 3 Background: On Earth one needs a sensitive needle to detect magnetic forces, and out in space they are usually much, much weaker. But beyond the dense atmosphere, such forces have a much bigger role, and a region exists around the Earth where they dominate the environment, a region known as the Earth’s magnetosphere. That region contains a mix of electrically charged particles, and electric and magnetic phenomena rather than gravity determine its structure. We call it the Earth’s magnetosphere The magnetosphere is an area around Earth that extends about 60,000 km from the surface. It is our invisible force field against the continuous stream of charged particles from the sun. Problem: How does Earth generate a magnetic field? Directions: Go to the following website to answer the questions for Part 3. http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Magnetosphere/earth_magnetic_field.html 1. What produces Earth’s magnetic field? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Scientists believe that the two ingredients needed to generate a magnetic field are ________________________________ and __________________________. 3. The magnetosphere protects Earth from the _______________________. 4. Some particles from the sun enter the magnetosphere and cause the _____________________________________. 5. The magnetosphere can _____________ its orientation so that the north magnetic pole becomes the south. Created by Nate Childers, Rochester Community School Page _____