Download SCIENCE: EIGHTH GRADE CRT FIRST QUARTER

Eight Grade Science CRT Study Guide Third Quarter 07-08
This is a guide. This is not the test. Refer to core concept pages for eligible content.
Revised 030909
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According to Newton’s first law of motion, what will a moving
object that is not acted on by an unbalanced force do?
Which of Newton’s laws explain inertia?
remain in motion
first law of motion
What explains the tendency of all objects to resist any change in
motion?
What is a measure of inertia?
inertia
What causes a person to fall backward against her seat when an
airplane takes off?
When the brakes are suddenly applied to a moving vehicle, what
causes a person to continue to move forward in his seat?
What does Newton's second law of motion state about an
object's acceleration?
According to Newton’s 2nd law, if there is an increase in force,
what will happen to the acceleration of the object?
According to Newton’s third law of motion, when a force is
exerted on an object what does a second object produce?
Which of Newton’s Laws is an example of sitting in a chair?
inertia
Which of Newton’s Laws states that for every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction?
The law of conservation of momentum states that when two
objects collide, what happens to their combined momentum?
If an astronaut uses a jet of nitrogen to maneuver in space, what
law is illustrated as the nitrogen is expelled?
What type of activity best displays the use of conservation of
momentum?
What type of activity best demonstrates Newton’s third law of
motion?
Why can you run into a person and knock them over if they are
standing still?
If both a golf ball and a bowling ball are moving at the same
velocity, which ball has more momentum?
If the driver of a car suddenly makes a sharp turn, why will the
passenger slide to the side of the car?
If an astronaut throws a ball in space, when will the ball stop?
Which of the following objects have the LEAST inertia: a 5000
kg dump truck full of dirt, a 1000 kg car, a 10 kg rock, or a 1 kg
cat? The greatest?
A student kicks a 0.2 kg ball. She then kicks a 30 kg rock with
the same force. What can be said about the acceleration of the
ball as compared to the rock?
A student is pushing her teacher in a chair down the hall. What
could she use to increase the acceleration of the 100 kg teacher
if given the following choices: a 100 kg bag of bricks, a 175 kg
bag of bricks, a 200 kg bag of bricks or use the help of another
student?
Be able to calculate force, acceleration or mass using the
formula F = ma. (two knowns will be given.)
Revised 03/09/09 & posted on webpage
mass
inertia
It increases as its mass decreases and as
the force acting on it increases.
the acceleration will increase
force equal in size and opposite in
direction
first and third laws
third law of motion
remains the same after the collision
Newton’s third law
playing a game of pool
hitting a baseball with a bat
because of momentum
the bowling ball, because it has more
mass
inertia
The ball will remain in motion forever
or until it hits another object.
a 1 kg cat
500 kg dump truck
The ball will have a greater acceleration
than the rock.
have another student help push the chair
Page 1 of 4
Eight Grade Science CRT Study Guide Third Quarter 07-08
This is a guide. This is not the test. Refer to core concept pages for eligible content.
Revised 030909
8.1
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What type of friction causes a sky diver’s acceleration to change
as he or she falls?
What is needed to calculate an object’s acceleration?
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Be able to calculate the net force given magnitude and direction.
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Given the formula, (average speed = total distance divided by
total time),be able to calculate speed, distance or time.
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What is determined if the distance a car travels is divided by the
time it took the car to travel that distance?
What is the SI unit for speed?
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What is being calculated if distance is divided by time?
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Be able to determine resultant velocity.
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What factors cause a change in acceleration?
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What is the motion of a catapult?
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above the bull's eye
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Due to projectile motion, where should Mr. Smith aim when
shooting at a target?
By what is the curved path traveled by a thrown baseball
known?
What is the force that opposes motion between two surfaces that
are touching?
Why does the deck around a pool become very slippery to walk
on when wet?
What type of friction opposes the motion of a car?
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rolling
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What type of friction is responsible for a car's tires wearing
away, making them very smooth, after several thousand
kilometers?
Using the formula [acceleration = final velocity – starting
velocity divided by time], be able to determine the acceleration,
final velocity or the starting velocity.
What type of friction occurs when brakes are applied on a car or
a bicycle?
What causes the napkins to stay on the picnic table even though
there is a slight breeze?
All objects accelerate toward the Earth at a rate of 9.8 m/s/s.
What is the effect on velocity for every second that an object
falls downward?
What type of friction is air resistance also known as?
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Given a leaping frog, a game of billiards, a race car, or a
bowling ball; which is as example of an object in projectile
motion?
What is the term for a slanted surface used to raise an object?
What is the term for a bar that is free to pivot about a fixed
point?
Revised 03/09/09 & posted on webpage
fluid
starting velocity, final velocity, and the
total time it takes to change velocity
Opposite directions then subtract
Same direction then add
s=d/t
d=st
t=d/s
speed
m/s
average speed
Opposite directions then subtract
Same direction then add
direction or velocity
projectile motion
projectile motion
Friction
fluid friction
fluid friction
a=Vf – Vi/t
sliding
static friction
increases by 9.8 m/s until it reaches
terminal velocity
fluid friction
a leaping frog
inclined plane
lever
Page 2 of 4
Eight Grade Science CRT Study Guide Third Quarter 07-08
This is a guide. This is not the test. Refer to core concept pages for eligible content.
Revised 030909
9.0
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What is the name given to an inclined plane wrapped around a
cylindrical post?
What type of simple machine is an inclined plane with one or
two sloping sides?
Why is the work output for a machine always less than the work
input?
Determine which arrangement would have the greatest
mechanical advantage?
When a machine increases the size of the force exerted, what
happens to the distance through which the force is exerted?
What type of simple machine is a jar lid?
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What would happen if astronauts, who wear pressurized suits in
space, took their suits off?
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Why do you not notice atmospheric pressure on your body?
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In what direction is fluid pressure always directed?
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Why will a helium-filled balloon float in air?
because helium is less dense than air
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What volume of fluid does an object displace?
a volume equal to its own volume
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Some people who keep parakeets as pets trim the flight feathers.
This makes it more difficult to fly because the size of the wing
has changed. What would this do?
How do upside-down wings, or spoilers mounted on the rear end
of race cars, help to reduce the danger of accidents?
Why can a submarine travel both on the surface of the water and
underwater?
Why do hydraulic devices use liquids instead of gases?
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Using the equation p = F/A, be able to determine pressure, force
or area when given two of the knowns.
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What is the SI unit for pressure?
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An empty aluminum soda can is heated for several minutes with
a high-wattage hair dryer, causing the heated, "energized"
particles of air inside the can to escape through the opening. The
can’s opening is quickly sealed with strong tape. What will
happen to the can as it cools?
If a fluid flows from area A to area B, then what must be the
conditions of area B?
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How would you describe the input force and distance of a
screw?
What factor must change when a machine changes the size of a
force?
What does a single pulley change on an object?
The reason you blow round bubbles and not square ones is
explained by what principle?
Revised 03/09/09 & posted on webpage
screw
wedge
some of the work done is used to
overcome friction
the rope with greatest number of pulleys
distance must decrease
screw
Small input force over a long distance
distance
direction of the input force on the object
the fluids in their bodies would overcome the pressure outside of their
bodies, and they would explode
because the fluids inside your body also
exert pressure outward
in all directions
decrease the amount of lift the bird can
achieve
decrease the lift of the car
because it can change its density
gases can be compressed and liquids
cannot
P=F/A
A=F/P
F=PA
Pa
The can will be crushed
Area B has lower pressure
(fluids flow from areas of HIGH
pressure TO LOW pressure)
Pascal's principle
Page 3 of 4
Eight Grade Science CRT Study Guide Third Quarter 07-08
This is a guide. This is not the test. Refer to core concept pages for eligible content.
Revised 030909
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Given the formula (D=m/v), be able to calculate density, mass or
volume.
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Suppose you are jumping on a trampoline. At the top of your
jump, what can be said about the amount of your potential
energy?
By increasing the speed of an object what happens to its
potential energy?
What is the SI unit for energy?
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If given the following information, where would atmospheric
pressure be greatest? (below sea level, at sea level, on a
mountain top, at the altitude at which planes fly)
In what direction do gases exert pressure?
The gasoline in a bus engine transfers into what type of energy
as the bus moves?
What type of energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?
Before a music box will play music, the spring inside must be
wound. What type of energy is stored, giving the music box the
ability to play music?
80. A roller coaster travels up and down a large hill and a small hill.
At what point on the hills does a roller coaster have the greatest
kinetic energy?
Revised 03/09/09 and posted on webpage
Revised 03/09/09 & posted on webpage
Below sea level
evenly in all directions
D=m/V
m=DV
V=m/D
potential energy is at a maximum
it does not affect potential energy
joule
kinetic energy
Potential energy
potential energy
the bottom of the biggest hill
(the greatest potential energy would be
at the top of the biggest hill)
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