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Biology Benchmark 1 Review Protein Synthesis 3.1.2 1. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 2. Use the following DNA sequence to determine which amino acids are coded for: ACTGCA. Cell Transport 1.2.2 Use the following illustrations to answer Questions 5-7. 3. The illustrations above demonstrate the transport of an ion across the plasma membrane, but they are out of sequence. In what order do they belong? A. D-C-B-A B. A-B-D-C C. C-B-D-A D. A-D-B-C 4. What statement is true about diagram D? A. The ion movement is random B. Energy is required C. The fatty acids in the plasma membrane could also move apart to allow the ion through D. The concentration of ions is higher at the top of diagram D at the bottom 5. Which process is best represented by these diagrams? A. Diffusion B. Active Transport C. Endocytosis D. Passive Transport 6. Compare and contrast active transport and facilitated diffusion. 7. A Paramecium expels water when it is in fresh-water. What can you conclude about the concentration gradient in the organism’s environment? Bioenergetics 4.2.2 8. Which of the following would most decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the air? A. A growing maple tree B. A running dog C. A person driving a car D. A burning forest 9. Which 2 elements are important in the carbon cycle? A. oxygen and nitrogen B. hydrogen and nitrogen C. oxygen and carbon D. carbon and hydrogen 10. Draw a picture of the carbon cycle to illustrate what is used and made in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 11. Describe the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 12. Draw the ATP/ADP cycle. Similarities and Differences between RNA and DNA 3.1.2 13. Mark whether each of the following basic components is absent or present in DNA and RNA. Component Name DNA RNA Phosphate group Simple sugar Nitrogenous base Hydrogen bonds Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Uracil Double helix Ribose Deoxyribose Cell Cycle 1.2.2 14. Which of the following indicates the correct order of mitosis in animal cells? a. A-B-C-D B. B-C-A-D C. C-A-D-B D. C-B-A-D Organelle Functions 1.1 15. Describe the differences between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. 16. Compare mitochondria and chloroplasts. Why are they referred to as energy transformers? 17. Choose the correct vocabulary words to fit the definitions below: ________________ Organelle that is the boundary between the cell and its environment ________________ Membrane-bound organelles that transform energy in all eukaryotic cells ________________ Highly organized structures within cells ________________ Organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis ________________ Basic unit of organization of both unicellular and multicellular organisms 18. Which of the following is NOT found in both plant and animal cells? a. chloroplast B. cytoskeleton C. ribosomes D. mitochondria 19. Cell Part Nucleus Function Which type of cell is it present in? Cell wall Plasma membrane Ribosome Mitochondria Chloroplast Vacuole Organic Molecules: 4.1 20. Organic molecule Building block Carbohydrate Examples Functions Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid Enzymes 4.1.3 21. Below draw a picture of an enzyme building a product from a substrate. Label all three and the active site.
