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Week 25, Day Three HW # 83- Vocabulary Booklet (due Friday) HW TOC will be collected FRIDAY 3/15 Complete your notes. Warm up What is the significance of “pie/ π” day? Warm up Response Pi is a name given to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter Explained on You tube Homework Response/Check • Did you work on your vocabulary booklet? • Evolution Notes Evolution Notes Part 1 Charles Darwin • Born in England • Traveled around on HMS Beagle - Set Sail in 1831 • Collected many specimens • Father of the idea of Evolution Voyage of The Beagle Darwin & The Galapagos • Galapagos Islands are a small group of islands 1000km west of South America • Studied Tortoises and Finches on the islands. • Used geography of islands and differentiation of species to figure out evolution Galapagos Islands Galapagos Islands • Although they were close together, the islands had very different climates. • The smallest, lowest islands were hot, dry, and nearly barren. – Hood Island - sparse vegetation. • The higher islands had greater rainfall and a different assortment of plants and animals. – Isabela Island - rich vegetation • Allowed for different species of the same animal --> formed through evolution! Galapagos Finches Galapagos Finches Galapagos Tortoises Galapagos Blue-Footed Booby • Male dances and shows its feet to the female to attract her • Female chooses male with brightest feet and best dance • Sexual selection! • Sexual selection is a trait or behavior that acts on an organism's ability to obtain a mate Darwin’s Thoughts • On his travel home, he began to think of his observations. • He found…characteristics of many animals and plants varied noticeably among the different islands of the Galapagos • According to this hypothesis, these separate species would have evolved from an original South American ancestor species after becoming isolated from one another Inherited Variation and Natural Selection • Darwin noted that plant and animal breeders used heritable variation, what we now call genetic variation, to improve crops and livestock. • Artificial selection: nature provided the variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful. – A.K.A Selective Breeding Better Picture of Artificial Selection Natural Selection • Each organism has different advantages and disadvantages – Individual best suited for environment survive and REPRODUCE – Pass these traits onto offspring, and they are more able to survive and reproduce • Occurs only when a few survive • Remember: differences (genes) in offspring occur at random! Darwin’s Concept of Evolution • Biggest contribution is his idea of the mechanism behind Evolution – The Struggle for Existence – Survival of the Fittest – Descent with Modification Struggle For Existence • Struggle for existence: means that members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life. – Predators that are faster win – Prey that are better camouflaged or protected win Survival of the Fittest • Fitness: ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment. – Result of adaptations • Adaptation: any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival Survival of the Fittest • Survival of the Fittest: the idea that individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully – A.K.A. Natural selection Descent with Modification • Natural selection produces organisms that have different structures • Descent with modification: each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time