Download Chapter 9 Notes Guide – Mendel and Heredity

Chapter 9 Notes Guide – Patterns of Inheritance
Biology
Castone
**A hard copy of the Class Notes are available on the Chapter 9 Power
Point on my Eboard. You can print this from home or at school
whenever needed.**
Section 9.1
1) What is the history of Genetics (the study of how traits are passed from parents to
offspring)?
Section 9.2
2) Who was Gregor Mendel?
3) Why did Gregor choose to study pea plants?
**See Figure 9.2C in the text to see how Mendel cross-fertilized his pea plants.**
4) How are self-fertlization and cross-fertilization different?
5) There were seven characteristics of pea plants that Mendel studied. Use the table
to fill out these characteristics and their traits.
Characteristic
Trait Options
Dominant
Recessive
Section 9.3 & Section 9.4
6) Draw the three steps of Mendel’s plant breeding experiments.
P generation –
F1 generation –
F2 generation –
7) What is the difference between the terms “homozygous” and “heterozygous”?
8) What are Mendel’s four hypotheses?
1.
2.
3.
4.
9) Explain what an “allele” is. Draw a picture if needed.
10) How are dominant and recessive alleles represented? Give examples.
11) Explain the difference between the terms “genotype” and “phenotype”. Give
examples.
12) What is a monohybrid cross? Give an example of one. (We will be doing a lot of
worksheets of these, so make sure if you are absent, that you get them)
13) Explain Mendel’s Laws, using this picture.
Section 9.5
14) What is a dihybrid cross? (We will be doing worksheets of these, so if you are
absent, make sure you get them)
Section 9.6
15) What is a testcross and what is it used for? Show an example of one.
Section 9.7
16) What is probability? How does probability relate to Punnett Squares?
Section 9.8
17) What is a pedigree? Know how to read one and to construct one properly. (This
is a worksheet that we will be doing in class)
Section 9.9
18) What is a recessive disorder? What is an example of one?
19) What is a dominant disorder? What are two examples?
Section 9.12
20) Some traits are inherited by “incomplete dominance”. Draw a Punnett Square
showing the passing of incomplete dominance.
Section 9.13
21) Some traits are inherited by “multiple alleles”. Blood type for humans is inherited
this way. Complete the Blood Type Worksheet in class.
22) Blood type is also an example of “codominance”. How?
Section 9.14
23) What is pleiotropy? Explain how an individual that is homozygous for the sickle
cell allele is an example of this type of inheritance.
Section 9.16
24) Many human features are the result of polygenic inheritance. What type of
inheritance is this? What are some examples of features that are inherited this
way?
Section 9.17
25) Because of Mendel’s work, scientists were able to come up with the chromosome
theory of inheritance. What does this theory state?
Section 9.18
26) Sometimes genes are on the same chromosome are inherited together. These
genes are referred to as “linked genes”. Show an example of gene linkage.
(Figure 9.18 in the text is a great illustration of this)
Section 9.22
27) Sometimes genes are associated with being on the X chromosome. This is
referred to as a “sex-linked gene”. Some diseases are inherited this way.
Complete the Sex-Linkage Worksheet.
Make a list of diseases that are inherited this way.