Download earth-chapter_3

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Lithosphere-layer of earth divided into tectonic plates
Atmosphere- mixture of gases surround earth
Asthenosphere-layer of earth which tectonic plates move on
Mesosphere- layer of earth that is made of liquid iron and nickel
Heat-energy transferred between objects that are different temperatures
Conduction-transfer of energy as heat through material (in direct contact)
Convection- transfer of energy due to movement of matter, such as liquid or gas; example:
heat reaching earth’s surface & moving through the atmosphere and hydrosphere p100101
Convection currents- any movement of matter caused by differences in density;
temperature differences that cause differences in density
Thermal energy- the total kinetic energy of particles that make up a substance
Radiation- transfer of heat or other energy as electromagnetic waves (ex: visible light,
infrared waves)
Heat flow- transfer of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
Temperature- measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
Water cycle-p108 movement of water between atmosphere, the land, and the ocean
Carbon Cycle- p109 cycle through which rock and fossil fuels form; carbon dioxide is used
by plants, dead organisms decompose and enrich soil.
Nitrogen cycle- p110 some bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen into other forms of
nitrogen that plants can use.
Phosphorus cycle- cycle during which plants get a nutrient that is found in soil, rock, and
water
Parts of the water cycle: condensation, precipitation, transpiration, and evaporation (use
diagram on p108 identify)
Rock cycle-consists of process by which rock changes form; rock’s location determines
which forces act upon the rock; forces that act on rock determine how a rock moves
through the cycle
Igneous rock-experiences intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes to change it into
metamorphic rock
Coquina- made of seashells and remains of marine organisms. Organic sedimentary rock
Earth- is divided into geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere
Geo-rocks and includes crust and mantle
Bio-includes parts of atmosphere which is gas
Hydro-water