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Name ___________________________________ NOTES: DARWIN PRESENTS HIS CASE 16.3 Period ______ Date ____________ Seat _______ Darwin’s Book (1859) Describes On the Origin of Species Hutton (Earth is very old) Ideas came from Malthus Consists of 4 main ideas (Populations fluctuate) Lamarck T ime) Lyell T ime) Natural Selection: The process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. (Present is key to Past) (Evolution is Natural) T ime) T ime) Larger Size More Aggressive Darwin’s Finches Large seeds Camouflage: Dark color with pale bellies Just Keep Darting and Dodging for 500 yds Fruits Lateral line Light and flexible cartilage Small seeds Insects Streamline body Snout picks up electrical signals Sharp, serrated teeth Rudder-shaped pectoral fins for quick direction changes 0 – 60 in 3.0 sec 1 1. Struggle for Existence Members of a population must compete food for _________, water, living space, and other things needed to live. 2. Variation of Heritable Traits Members of a ________________ have population differences in traits that can be passed offspring on to ________________. 3. Adaptation A ________________ characteristic that heritable increases an organism’s ____________, fittness or ability to _______________ and survive reproduce ______________ in an environment. 4. Survival of the Fittest How well an organism’s heritable traits or adaptations _________________ help it survive and environment reproduce in its ____________________. Name ___________________________________ NOTES: DARWIN PRESENTS HIS CASE 16.3 Mean beak size is smaller during rainy years Mean beak size is larger during drier years Examples of Natural Selection Period ______ Date ____________ Seat _______ Darwin’s Finches Pre-Industrial Revolution Descent with modification: Over time, older species evolve into new species (evolution). Descent with Modification Common Descent: The idea that organisms share ancient ancestors. Soot-covered Tree Bark 2 Common ancestor of all life (3.8 bya)