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Name _KEY___________________________ Date ___________ Period ________
EVOLUTION STARTS WITH? KEY
1. Evolution or change over time, is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient
organisms
2. A scientific theory is a well supported, testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the
natural world.
3. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who made numerous observations during his
travels on the Beagle which led him to pose a hypothesis about how life changes over
time.
4. Fossils are the preserved remains of ancient organisms that provide evidence for how life has changed
over time.
5. Fitness is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.
6. Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival, like webbed feet, sharp
claws, or speed, is called an Adaptation
7. The process whereby individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce
more successfully is called Natural Selection , which Darwin nicknamed
Survival of the Fittest
8. The idea that all species- living and extinct - were derived from common ancestors linked by a single
“tree of life” = _Common descent
9. Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues are called
Homologous Structure…..
10. Homologous structures that are so reduced in size that they no longer function, like the human
appendix or legs in
skinks, are called _Vestigial organs
11. The term below is the fastest mechanism of evolution. Examples of this term include choosing to
breed cows that produce the most milk or the fastest horses is termed:
Artificial selection – fasest mechanism/way of evolution
12. The idea that each living species has descended with changes over time from other species is called
Descent with Modification (used by Darwin).
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13. Tortoises eat plants. On one island plants grow very close to the ground. Which island do you think
this is?
Isabela Island
Hood Island
14. EXPLAIN your answer. Why did you choose the island you did?
_Low lying plants do not require the tortoises to have long necks. Those on Isabela have short necks.
15. Which island do you think has sparse vegetation that is hard to reach?
Pinta Island
Hood Island
16. What would you predict the vegetation and rainfall are like on Pinta Island?
The vegetation and rainfall would be average on Pinta Island because the tortoises have average neck
length.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle the letter of the ONE BEST answer that completes the statement.
17. A human appendix, whale hipbones, and a skink’s legs are examples of _________________
A. homologous structures
B. embryonic mates
C. vestigial organs
D. analogous Structures
18. The bones in the diagram at the left are examples
of ____________
A. homologous structures
B. embryonic mates
C. vestigial organs
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19. Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called
__________
A. punctuated equilibrium
B. gradualism
C. symbiosis
D. mass extinction
20. After examining the fossil record, scientists have determined that scorpions today are much smaller
than their extinct ancestors. For example, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, a giant scorpion species that
lived 255 million to 460 million years ago, was 2.5 meters long. Which of the following conclusions is
supported by this information?
a. Scorpions living today have increased their numbers since they first appeared.
b. Scorpions in the fossil record are smaller than their descendants are.
c. Scorpions have changed as a result of natural selection.
d. Scorpions do not appear in their original state in the fossil record.
21. Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome
maps of a
a.
b.
c.
d.
hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?
The color patterns of the offspring of each species
How much the size ranges of the two species differ
The methods of protein synthesis that each species uses
How closely related the two species are to each other
22. Scientists estimate that there are more than 20,000 species of ants. The species range in size from
1 mm long to 38 mm long and live in most environments. The diets of ants range from flowers and
seeds to fluids from their own larvae. Ants have been able to successfully inhabit so many different
environments because their populations have been able to —
a.
b.
c.
d.
hybridize with other species of insects
adapt to a variety of habitats and food sources
fill niches usually occupied by mammals
occupy habitats that have no other life-forms
23. Genetic variation can aid in the survival of species when the environment changes. Which of the
following is the best example of an organism with a genetic variation that could improve survival
chances over time?
a. An ant that is resistant to pesticide
b. A bee that is infected with a virus
c. A rose bush that has no thorns
d. A caterpillar with a new color that blends with its surroundings
24. Name 5 kinds of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of Evolution:
___1. Fossils__________
__4. Amino Acids (Biological molecules)___________
__2. Homologous Structure_____
__5. Embryology (also Biogeography)______________
__3. DNA (Biological molecules)___________
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25. Zoogeographic regions are characterized by the presence of specific groups of animals. These regions
are determined by the taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships of animals. The map shows the
zoogeographic regions proposed by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876.
Some of the numbered groups of organisms above are separated by a geographical area and are
unable to mate and reproduce with each other. This is an example of _Geographical
(reproductive)__ isolation. Which two groups are likely to have common ancestry because they are
not separated by a barrier? __1_____ and ____2_____ or 2/3 or 6/7_
26. Label each picture with the correct type of “Mechanism for Evolution”: Natural Selection,
Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift
a._____Mutation_____
b.___Gene Flow___
c.__Genetic Drift__
d. _Natural Selection_
27. Fill in the blank with the correct type of “Mechanism for Evolution”: Natural Selection,
Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift
a. __Natural Selection___Organisms that are best suited for their environment will survive,
reproduce and pass on their favorable traits.
b. __Gene Flow___ The transfer of genes from one population to another.
c. ___Mutation__ Change in the DNA sequence.
d. __Genetic Drift__ Changes in allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance/random luck.
28. Define the following terms:
a. Species:__ organisms can mate and produce fertile offspring _________________
b. Population:__ group of the same species in the same area.___
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