Download Exam 3: Plants and Fungi Supplemental Instruction Iowa State

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Iowa State University
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1. Seedless vascular plants need to be able to support their above-ground body, what material is
incorporated in their cell walls in order to do so?
Cellulose
Peptidoglycan
Lignin
Actin
Exam 3: Plants and Fungi
2. The most closely related, extant group of organisms to members of kingdom Plantae is
charophycean algae.
True
False
53. A ______ is a unique structure to zygomycota in the _________ reproduction?
zygosporamgia, asexual
zygosporamgia, sexual
basidocarp, sexual
basidiocarp, asexual
3. All plants have waxy cuticles, sporopollenin, cellulose, and seeds at some point in their life
cycles.
True
False
In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges?
Less available CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans
Desiccation
Lack of structural support
Both b and c
Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _________.
The sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation - mention
multicellularity
The vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation
Male plants alternate with female plants
Antheridia alternate with archegonia
____________ protect(s) pollen grains from environmental damage.
Sporopollenin
Lignin
Cuticles
Stomata
13. The gametophyte state of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in _______.
Ferns
Mosses - bryophyta, gametophyte dominate
Horsetails
Seed plants
14. Which of the following produce eggs and sperm?
Megaphylls
Fern sporophytes
Moss gametophytes
Megaspores
Moss sporangia
15. Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) ______ and down the neck of a(n)
_______.
Antheridium; sporangium
Antheridium; archegonium
Archegonium; antheridium
Sporangium; archegonium
17. Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to most environments because _________.
They lack cuticles and stomata
They lack vascular tissue
They have swimming sperm
Their seeds do not store water
19. Heterosporous plants produce ___________.
Megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male
gametophytes
Megaspores that develop into male gametophytes and microspores that develop into female
gametophytes
Megaspores that bear antheridia and microspores that bear archegonia
Spores that produce both archegonia and antheridia
20. Sori can be found in which of the following?
Mosses
Pterophytes - what are sori?
Lycophytes
Charophyceans
Karyogamy is ____________ in a ____________.
nuclie fuse, plant
nuclie fuse, fugni
when there are two different nuclei, plant
when there are two different nuclei, fungi
21. Which of the following adaptations is common to all seed plants?
Reduced gametophytes
Pollen
Ovules
All of the above
23. Which one of the following is true of seed plants, but not true of seedless plants?
The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte
The sporophyte is large, and the gametophyte is small and independent
The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte
A film of water is necessary for sperm to come in contact with eggs
24. The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into
__________.
Seeds
Gametophytes
Fruit
Ovaries
25. What gymnosperm phylum is characterized by large cones and fern-like leaves?
Anthophyta
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta
Cycadophyta - looks like palm trees!
26. What is located in the scalelike structures packed densely in pollen cones?
Sporophyte
Sporangia
Megasporocytes
Developing pollen tubes
Sexual reproduction is ____________ than asexual reproduction and yeilds genetically
________ offspring.
faster, identical
faster, different
slower, identical
slower, different
28. In ovulate cones megasporocytes undergo _____ and produce _____ megaspores
Mitosis; diploid
Meiosis; diploid
Mitosis; haploid
Meiosis; haploid - same with sporophytes and microsporophytes
51. During what stage of fungal reproduction are diploid cells produced?
Karyogamy
Meiosis
Dikaryotic stage
Plasmogamy
29. Which types of angiosperms would most likely be wind-pollinated rather than animalpollinated?
Oak and maple trees
Roses and tiger lilies
None of the choices are correct. Plants with flowers are not wind-pollinated
30. The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the ________.
Filament
Ovary
Stigma
Style
31. A pea pod is formed from ________. A pea inside the pod is formed from ________.
An ovule; a carpel
An ovary; an ovule
An ovary; a pollen grain
Endosperm; an ovary
32. The pollen tube releases two sperm cells into the embryo sac. The result of this is the
__________.
Union of the two sperm nuclei; forming a zygote
Union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus while the other sperm nucleus unites with
two nuclei of another megagametophyte cell, forming a triploid nucleus
Union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and the disintegration of the other sperm
nuclei.
Fusion of both sperm nuclei with the egg nucleus and the formation of a triploid zygote
33. The triploid nucleus of the embryo sac develops into the ________.
Endosperm
Fruit
Carpel
Seed
34. Which of the following characterizes eudicots
Pollen grains with three openings, floral parts in multiples of three, netlike veins
Two cotyledons, netlike veins, taproot usually present
Scattered vascular bundles, netlike veins, floral parts in multiples of five
Leaves with parallel veins, taproot usually present, vascular bundles arranged in rings.
36. Charophytes are related to plants in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
They have an apical meristem
Formation of Phragmoplast
Peroxisome enzymes
Rose-shaped complexes that synthesize cellulose
38. What generation(s) of the hepatophytes can photosynthesize?
The gametophyte only - gametophyte dominant
The sporophyte only
The gametophyte and the sporophyte
All haploid cells can photosynthesize in hepatophytes
39. Which of the following characteristics do mosses, liverworts, and hornworts share?
a. reproduction in gametangia; embryos
b. vascular tissues, true leaves, and a waxy cuticle
c. seeds
Fern gametophytes are _____.
photosynthetic diploid organisms
produced from haploid gametes
part of the asexual life cycle
free-living, multicellular organisms - but sporophyte dominate
found on the underside of fern leaves (fronds)
41. Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants?
The development of seeds
alternation of generations
dominance of the diploid (sporophyte) generation
xylem and phloem
sporophyte that is independent of the gametophyte
45. In vascular plants,
a. xylem conducts nutrients (sugars) - mainly up, water
b. phloem conducts nutrients (sugars) - up down
c. xylem is made of cellulose
d. phloem and xylem both conduct nutrients (sugars)
47. Fungi are _____________ organisms.
Chemoautotrophic
Mixotrophic
Chemoheterotrophic
Photoheterotrophic
48. Fungi that consist of a continuous hyphae with hundreds or thousands of nuclei are known as
_______________.
Septic
Coenocytic - aspetic
Dikaryon
Chytrids
49. The hyphae of parasitic fungi that are modified to penetrate and absorb nutrients from host
tissue are called
Haustoria
Asci
Mycorrhizae - specialized to share
Septa
6. How are gametes produced in plants?
By mitosis of gametophyte cells
By meiosis of gametophyte cells
By meiosis of sporophyte cells
By mitosis of spores
By meiosis of spores
50. Which choice below generally represents the correct order of events in fungal sexual
reproduction?
Karyogamy, meiosis, plasmogamy, germination
Meiosis, plasmogamy, karyogamy, germination
Plasmogamy, meiosis, germination, karyogamy
Plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis, germination
51. Which feature below is unique to ascomycota?
Asci (spore-producing sacs)
Zoospores (flagellated spores)
Cell walls made of chitin
Conidia (asexual spores)
54. An basida is _______________.
A structure used in the sexual reproduction of basidiomycota
A structure used in the asexual reproduction of basidiomycota
A structure used in the sexual reproduction of ascyomycota
A structure used in the asexual reproduction of ascomycota
55. Lichens are ______________.
Mutualistic associations of fungi and plant roots
Predatory fungi
The sexual state of deuteromycetes
Symbiotic associations of photosynthesizers and fungi
42. Peat moss is ecologically important because
It can be used in agriculture to prevent flooding
It can store water and nutrients so different animals can feed on it
It captures carbon dioxide and helps fight global warming
43. Walking in a forest I find a plant whose dominant stage is the gametophyte, it must be a(n)
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm
Pterophyte
Bryophyte
44. Which of the following is diploid?
a. the archegonia of a moss
b. a cell in the gametangia of a moss
c. a cell that is part of the stalk of a moss sporophyte
d. a spore produced by a sporophyte
56. An ascus is _______________.
A saclike structure containing spores
An asexual spore-producing structure on a stalk
A club-shaped cell with spores on its outer surface
A cup-shaped structure containing many spore-producing cells on the gill of a mushroom
60. Some species of _____________ are among the largest and oldest individuals on Earth.
Conifers
Cycadophyta
Gymnosperms
Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 3
12. In fungi, the function of the mycelium is _____.
a. dispersal to distant habitats
b. defense
c. obtaining food
d. surviving a period of food shortage
e. movement
10. _____ fungi are decomposers.
a. Mutualistic
b. Parasitic
c. Absorptive
d. Saprobic
e. Mycorrhizal
2. The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to
a. the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms.
b. avoiding sexual reproduction until the environment changes.
c. the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats.
d. the increased probability of contact between different mating types.
e. an extensive surface area well suited for absorptive nutrition.
43. The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.
a. produces spores
b. is called the gametophyte
c. is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage
d. develops from a spore
e. produces eggs and sperm
40. An ovule consists of
a. Megasporangium
b. Megaspore
c. Integuments
d. All of the above
33. Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophytedominant life cycle?
a. fern
b. moss
c. liverwort
d. charophycean
e. hornwort
30. The _____ in the archegonium grows into a _____.
a. Zygote, gametophyte
b. Spore, gametophyte
c. Zygote, sporophyte
d. Spore, sporophyte
Refer to the figures on the board and place the correct letter next to each name:
Xyloem B
Plasmogamy F
seed D
anther C
Megaspore K
Megasporocyte G
germination M
Megasporangium L
Ovule O
Phloem A
Microspore H
Karyogamy N
Microsporangium J
Asexual
reproduction P
Ovary Q
Microsprocytes I
pollen tube R
stigma E
Style S