Download A change in ocean current causes the climate on an island to

Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
1. A change in ocean current causes the climate on an island to become
2.
3.
drier. As a result, the grasses that cover the island change from dark
green to light brown. Over time, how might a species of green toads
that hide in the grasses and are subject to predation respond to these
changes?
ADAPTATION
What is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to
their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than
others do?
NATURAL SELECTION
If the body cells of an organism have 10 chromosomes, then the sex
cells produced during meiosis would have
5 CHROMOSOMES
4. On what structure are genes found? CHROMOSOMES
5. What is heredity? THE PASSING ON OF GENES
(TRAITS) FROM THE PARENTS TO THE
OFFSPRING
6. Less than ten thousand years ago, environmental changes separated
some individuals of a squirrel population to one side of the Grand
Canyon. Today, these squirrels now show a white tail and black
belly. Their ancestors exhibited gray tails and white bellies. This
difference in fur coloring is most likely
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
9. All organisms have the same set of characteristics in order to be considered a
living thing.
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT: Growth and
Development can be seen in changes of the size and maturity of the organism.
Growth occurs in two ways…changes in cell size and changes in the number of
cells.
10.
REPRODUCE: Organisms can reproduce either sexually or asexually.
Asexual reproduction occurs when one parent produces offspring, and
sexual reproduction requires two parents and occurs after an egg cell has
been fertilized by a sperm cell. Reproduction can be demonstrated by a
model of the life cycle of an organism.
11. USE ENERGY: Living things must have energy in order to undergo life
processes. Can be demonstrated by a food chain and a food web.
12. RESPOND to ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI: example…tropism in
plants. Living things have the capacity to evolve. Evolution occurs in
response to some stimulus and occurs over a period of time.
A plant’s response to gravity, moisture, and light are called tropisms.
Tropisms can be either negative (away from the stimulus), or positive
(towards the stimulus).
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
13.
14.
EXCHANGE:
such as Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Nitrogen. In
nature, the materials needed by all organisms in an ecosystem are re-used or
recycled. Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon move through ecosystems in a
predictable pattern or cycle. These nutrient cycles in nature are called
BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES.
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION:
(are made of one or more
cells). Living things can be both complex and organized
 Organisms exhibit some ability to maintain their internal conditions…this is
called HOMOSTASIS, and this requires the use of energy.
 Organisms acquire and use materials and energy.
15. Cells are made of smaller particles called ORGANELLES that carry
on different functions.
16. The nucleus is the CONTROL CENTER of the cell. The genetic
material necessary for controlling cellular activities is found in the nucleus.
17. The CELL MEMBRANE is responsible for controlling what enters
and exits a cell and provides some support for the contents of the cell.
18. The Cell Wall is the tough outer layer surrounding a plant and fungal cell
giving it SHAPE & SUPPORT.
19. The Mitochondrion of the cell breaks down nutrients to produce
ENERGY for the cell to carry on life processes.
20. Chloroplasts are organelles that produce a green pigment called
CHLOROPHYLL. Chlorophyll helps the plant capture energy from
sunlight.
21. The chloroplasts change energy from the sun into food for the plant in a
process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
22. The VACUOLE of a cell are storage tanks for food water and cellular
wastes. Vacuoles are common in both plant cells and animal cells.
23. PROKARYOTIC Cells (Prokaryotes) are cells that have no nucleus and
no membrane bound organelles.
24. EUKARYOTIC Cells (Eukaryotes ) are cells that DO have a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles such as the mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
mitochondrion.
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
25.
Organization
of
complex
organisms:
organellescellsTISSUEORGANSorgan
systemsORGANISM.
 Skeletal System: Functions: (1) Protection of the organs of the body
(example: the brain is protected by the skull, the lungs, heart, etc… are
protected by the ribs) (2) Storage of minerals that help your nerves and
muscles function properly. Long bone also stores fat that can be used for
energy, (3) Movement occurs because skeletal muscles pull on the bones, (4)
Blood Cell formation, (5) Gives your body shape
o Three components of the Skeletal System.– bones, cartilage, and
joints
 26. JOINTS: a place where two or more bones meet – four
types:
 27. HINGE (example: elbow/knee)
 Gliding Joints (example: hand)
 28. BALL & SOCKET Joints (example:
hip/shoulder)
 Ligaments – strong elastic bands of connective tissue that hold
joints together (connect bone to bone)
 29. CARTILAGE – softer, rubbery material that makes up
the skeletal system of infants and cushions the joints where the
bones meet.
 Bones: two kinds of bone tissue:
 30. COMPACT bone: rigid and dense…tiny canals
within the compact bone contain small blood vessels.

31. SPONGY: Bone tissue that has many open
spaces. Spongy bone provides most of the strength and
support for a bone.
 Bone also contains a soft material called bone marrow.
There are two types of marrow:
o 32. RED bone marrow: provides both red and
white blood cells.
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
o 33. YELLOW bone marrow: found in the
central cavity of long bone stores fat.
 34. CIRCULATORY System: Pumps Blood through the body taking
oxygen and nutrients to body cells picks up needed materials from the lungs
and the digestive system and carries them to the body. Carries waste
products to where they can be eliminated, and helps to fight disease and
injury by carrying the substances that will help heal you. (The Respiratory
System carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, and nutrients throughout the
body).
o Components of the Circulatory System:
35. RED BLOOD CELLS: Carry oxygen to the cells and carbon
dioxide away from the cells.
 White Blood Cells: Protect the body from invading organisms
36. Blood PLASMA: The liquid component of blood, in which the blood
cells are suspended.
37. Arteries: carry blood
38.
AWAY from the heart
VEINS: carry blood towards the heart
 Capillaries: the smallest blood vessels; where gas exchange
between blood and body cells takes place here.
39. PLATELETS: Clotting agents in the blood
o Two types of circulation:
 Pulmonary Circulation – Circulation of blood between the heat
and lungs. (blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs where
it picks up oxygen, and the oxygen-rich blood is then pumped
back to the heart)
 Systemic Circulation – Circulation of blood between the heart
and the rest of the body. (oxygen-rich blood leaves the heart
and travels to the body cells where the oxygen is used for
cellular respiration; the waste product of CR is carbon dioxide
which is returned to the heart where it is pushed to the lungs to
exchange the carbon dioxide for more oxygen).
o Four chambers of the heart:
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
40. Right VENTRICLE – pumps oxygen poor blood into the arteries so
it can return to the lungs.
 Left ventricle – pumps oxygen – rich blood into arteries and
then into capillaries.
 Right atrium – Oxygen poor blood returning from the body
cells is pumped into the right atrium
41. Left ATRIUM – Oxygen rich blood from the lungs travels through
veins back to the left atrium.
42. The REPRODUCTIVE System: allows for the production of
offspring and the continuation of life. Reproduction is a characteristic of
all living thing; because no individual lives forever, reproduction is
essential to the continuation of every species.
o Testes: Male reproductive organ that produce sperm.
o Ovaries: Female reproductive structures that develop eggs.
o Uterus: Supports the development of a fertilized egg.
o Draw the male and female signs
43. The MUSCULAR System: supports and enables the body to
move, produces heat, and gives the body shape.
44. Tendons are tough bands of connective tissue that connect the skeletal
muscles to your bones (bone to MUSCLE).
o Muscles always work in pairs…generally, one muscle of a pair bends
a body part (flexor), and the other straightens it out (extensor).
o Three types of muscles:
CORDIAC Muscle – Only found in the heart.
46. SKELETAL Muscle – Attached to your bones, aids in movement and
45.
helps to protect your internal organs.
47.
SMOOTH Muscle – Found in the digestive tract and in the walls of
blood vessels.
o Two types of muscle movement:
 Voluntary (muscle action that is under your control)
 Involuntary (muscle action that is not under your
control)…example: cardiac and smooth muscles are
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
involuntary muscles; skeletal muscles can be either voluntary or
involuntary.

The RESPIRATORY System: provides the body with
oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood.
LUNGS – the site for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
49. TRACHEA – the airway that connects the nasal passages to the
48.
lungs.
50. ALVEOLI – Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes
place.
51. DIAPHRAGM – a muscle that assists in breathing by contracting
and relaxing.
52. NOSE helps clean air before it enters the lungs.
 Two defenses of the nasal passages: nose hair and mucus
 The NERVOUS System: gathers information; interprets information,
and responds to information.
53. BRAIN – the organ of the nervous system that controls body
activity.
54. SPINAL CORD – a bundle of nerves running from the brain
down the center of the backbone.
55. NERVES – comprised of neurons (nerve cells) that conduct
information…see the diagram below:
56. The DIGESTIVE System: breaks down food, either mechanically
(physically) or chemically, processes it for use by the body, and excretes
waste products.
57. MOUTH – where digestion begins (both chemically and
mechanically)…remember amylase is the digestive enzyme in saliva and
starches are broken down into sugars
58. ESOPHAGUS – the pathway for food from the mouth to the
stomach.
59. STOMACH – where food is stored and partially digested (proteins
broken down here)…remember that hydrochloric acid (HCl) and Pepsin
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
combine in the stomach to form the digestive juices…the inside of the
stomach is lined by a protected mucus membrane, and a hole in this
membrane is an ulcer.
60.
SMALL INTESTINES – where most digestion occurs, and
where most nutrients are absorbed.
61.
LARGE INTESTINES – excess water is reabsorbed and waste
materials are compacted.
WALL, animal cells do not
63. Cell vacuoles in PLANT cells are a MAJOR feature, they are not in
62. Plant cells have a cell
animal cells.
Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and not in animal cells
64. Animals are CLASSIFIED by their skeletal system (invertebrates
have an external skeleton made of chitin known as an exoskeleton;
Vertebrates have an internal skeletal system that is hard and made of
bone)
65. Plants are SESSILE (dispersed by seeds); animals are self-mobile
Plants reproduce both sexually and asexually; animals reproduce
sexually
Examples of Species Variation:
66. Species variation due to CLIMATE:
67. The ARTIC fox goes through two color phases: white and grayish
brown. During the winter the arctic fox is white and black at the tip of
its tail; it’s a grayish brown in the summer.
68. The SNOWSHOE hare…in winter – varying degrees of white; tips
of ears are black…in summer, rust colored or dark brown with a
blackish mid-back line and grayish sides…Belly is whitish; face, legs,
and throat are cinnamon; ears brown with black tips and are edged in
white; tail is black above and white below
69. Species variation due to changing
LANDFORMS:
 Two squirrel species exist on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon.
The canyon prevents gene flow between the two species. Small
populations may become isolated from their parent populations when
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
they travel to a new location. For many centuries, two populations of
squirrels have been isolated by the Grand Canyon, one on the North
rim, and one on the south rim…they have now evolved into two
separate species that can no longer interbreed.
70. Species variation due to
INTERSPECIES INTERACTION:
A female mosquito blood feeding… mosquitoes
serve as intermediate hosts of other parasites such as the dog and cat
heartworm and Plasmodium species causing malaria in humans and
birds. Flees are common parasites of dogs and cats…they bite their
hosts and feed on blood.
71.
PARASITISM:
72.
MUTUALISM: an interaction between two or more species where
both benefit.
73.
COMMENSALISM:
relationship between two living organisms
in which o0ne species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor
helped. An example is the cattle egret…it forages in pastures and fields
among livestock such as cows and horses, feeding on the insects stirred
up by the movement of the grazing animals. The Egret benefits from the
relationship, but the livestock generally do not.
74. Species variation due to GENETIC MUTATION
 Genetic mutation leads to diversity within a species…this
diversity can lead to speciation (the evolutionary process by
which new biological species arise)
75. Biotic factors - the LIVING parts of an ecosystem. All of these
organisms have an effect on the others. An organism must get food,
shelter, water, and other things in order to live, grow and reproduce from
the area that it lives in. An organism depends on other biotic factors for
food, shelter, protection, and reproduction…Students must be able to list
and recognize biotic factors in an environment.
76. Abiotic factors – NON-LIVING things that we find in an
ecosystem. The abiotic factors have an effect on the type of organisms
living in an ecosystem…Students must be able to list and recognize
abiotic factors in an environment.
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
 Examples: soil, water, temperature, and sunlight
77.
CHROMOSOMES
control cell processes and determine traits of
an organism….they exist in duplicate pairs…see the following
diagram(s):
78. Each species has a specific number of chromosomes in each cell in its
body. Human beings for example, have 46 chromosomes in each body
cell while in their reproductive cells (the egg and sperm) there are only
half that number (23).
 In this way, when the sperm and egg unite, the full number of
chromosomes (46) will be made up again.
cells have a full number of chromosomes…in humans,
body cells are diploid and have 46 chromosomes
79.
DIPLOID
80.
HAPLOID
cells have ½ the number of chromosomes…in humans,
sperm and egg cells are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes.
Other examples of chromosomes in different organisms (Diploid
number)
o Barley: 14
o Tomato: 24
o Mouse: 40
d. Striped Skunk: 50
o Mink: 30
o Dog: 78
o Fox: 34
o Pig: 38
o Donkey: 62
o Cow: 60
o Gorilla: 48
o Gypsy Moth: 62
81. DNA is DOUBLE stranded, contains deoxyribose sugars, and
contains the base thymine.
82.
RNA is single stranded, contains ribose sugars, and the base uracil in
the place of the base thymine present in DNA.
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
83. Gregor MENDEL
The Father of Genetics
84. Experimented with PUREBRED tall and short
Discovered some of the basic laws of heredity
Studied seven purebred traits in peas
85. Called the stronger traits –
peas
DOMINANT; called the weaker traits –
RECESSIVE.
Presentation to the Science Society in 1866 went unnoticed
His work was rediscovered in 1900
All characteristics are controlled by a minimum of 2 genes.
86. Different genes that control the same feature are called
Eye color:
o Possible alleles: blue, brown, green, hazel, etc…
o Each color needs its own gene
o It is possible to have pairs of different alleles
ALLELES.
ALLELES are usually given a letter
88. GENOTYPE: the letter or term used to describe the allele of an
87.
individual gene or pair of genes
89.
PHENOTYPE: how the gene (or pair) shows itself; how it appears
 Some alleles for a feature are able to mask the influence of the other
(weaker) genes with which they are paired.
o The stronger genes are DOMINANT
o The weaker gene is RECESSIVE
 Mendel’s Laws of Genetics:
90. Mendel’s Law of SEGREGATION…the alleles for a trait
separate when gametes are formed. These allele pairs are then randomly
united during fertilization. Mendel arrived at this conclusion by
performing monohybrid crosses.
These were cross-pollination
experiments with pea plants that differed in one trait…for example, pod
color.
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
91. Mendel’s Law of INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT . . .
alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells and offspring
independently of one another.
92. Mendel’s Law of DOMINANCE…when an organism has different
alleles for a trait, the allele that is expressed, overshadowing the
expression of the other allele, it is said to be dominant. The gene whose
expression is overshadowed is said to be recessive.
Directions: Write the questions and answer. Use the textbook pp. 250-287, 294302, 368-371
93. How are plants & animals able to reproduce? Sexual & asexual
reproduction (pg 252)
94. Both plants & animals must undergo what reaction to produce energy?
Photosynthesis (pg 87)
95. What organism(s) can respond to environmental stimuli? Plants
&
humans (pg 35)
96. How of nonvascular plants get water? Directly
from their
surroundings (pg 253)
97. What is true of all plants? They
need water, minerals, & food
to survive (pg 252); they are autotrophs – producers of
their own; their cells are surrounded by cell walls (pg
250)
98. After fertilization takes place in a flower, the oveary develops into a
zygote (pg 252).
99. Plants that have specialized tissues for carrying minerals, water, or food
are classified as what type of plants? Vascular Plants (pg 252)
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
100. In a plant, where does most transpiration occur? The
plant’s
leaves (pg 271)
101. Give the function of the flower’s
 Style – connects the stigma to the hollow structure at the
base of the flower (pg 277)
 Anther – holds the stamen (pg 277)
 Ovary – protects the seeds as they develop (pg 277)
 Ovule – contains the egg (pg 274)
 Filament – a thin stalk used to carry the egg to the sperm (pg
276)
 Pistil – female reproductive parts (pg 27)
 Stamen – male reproductive parts (pg 277)
 Petal – the most colorful part of the flower (pg 276)
 roots – anchors the plants in the ground (pg 266)
102. What is the tissue through which plants transport water? Vascular
tissue (pg 253)
103. What is the tissue through which plants transport sugar?
104. What is an animla whose body temperature does not change much,
even when the temperature of the environment changes Endotherm
(pg 371).
105. Any animal with a skull & a backbone is classified as a
(pg 29)?
vertebrate
Any animal whose body does not
produce much internal heat (pg 370)
106. What is an ecotherm?
107. An animal with 2 similar halves that are mirror images of each other
would have which type of symmetry? Bi-lateral (pg 301)
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
108. What is a form of asexual reproduction foun din some animals?
Binary Fission (pg 220)
109. What is the process called when an insect develops from an agg to an
adult? Complete Metamorphosis (pg 345)
All
vertebrates have a backbone and are classified in only
one phylum (pg 299)
110. Which of the following best describes a vertebrate animal?
7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide Second Quarter 2007-08
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QUESTION
A change in ocean current causes the climate on an
island to become drier. As a result, the grasses that
cover the island change from dark green to light
brown. Over time, how might a species of green
toads that hide in the grasses and are subject to
predation respond to these changes?
A river caused one population of giraffes to
become separated into two populations. Members
of these two populations were later brought
together but were not able to breed. What is this an
example of?
A storm blew several butterfly-eating birds to a
distant island. The island, which previously had no
birds, was filled with butterflies of all colors. One
year later, all of the butterflies were dark green and
brown. What is a likely explanation for the change
in the butterfly population?
Over time, animals may change behavior or
physical appearance in response to changes in the
environment. What is this called?
What is the process by which individuals that are
better adapted to their environment survive and
reproduce more successfully than others do?
ANSWERS
Their
coloration will
change to
brown.
speciation
The surviving
butterflies
had a trait that
protected
them from the
birds.
adaptation
natural
selection
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When an effective insecticide is used on a
population of insects, most of the insects are
killed. However, a few may survive due to genes
that make them resistant to the insecticide. What is
the BEST explanation of why this occurs?
When penicillin was first developed it was hailed
as a miracle drug. People said that bacterial
diseases would be completely wiped out.
However, over time many of these species of
bacteria are no longer killed with penicillin. What
is one likely cause of this phenomenon?
Going from the bottom to the top of an energy
pyramid, what happens to the amount of energy?
Grass is eaten by a prairie dog. The prairie dog is
eaten by a coyote. What is this an example of?
What are organisms that get energy by breaking
down the remains of dead organisms called?
What is a biotic part of a desert?
What is always the first organism in a food chain?
What is the environment in which an organism
lives called?
What living things make food from sunlight?
What symbiotic relationship is characterized by
organisms that help each other?
What type of animal feeds on the body of the dead
animals?
A cell that has lost its chromosomes will be unable
to do what?
How many chromosomes are present in a normal
human sex cell?
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19 How would a gene be described?
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If the body cells of an organism have 10
20 chromosomes, then the sex cells produced during
meiosis would have
Insects that
survived
sprayings passed
their
resistant genes to
their
offspring.
rapid bacterial
mutations due to
environmental
pressures
It decreases.
a food chain
decomposers
Anything living
a producer
habitat
producers
mutualism
scavenger
produce offspring
23
as the coded
instructions for a
trait
5 chromosomes
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Mae Eanes Middle School’s 7th Grade Science EQT Study Guide 2012-2013
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21 On what structure are genes found?
22 The function of chromosomes is directly related to
which of the following?
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23 What is heredity?
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24 What makes up chromosomes?
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25 How can the process of meiosis be described?
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26 Mitosis produces _______ while meiosis produces
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27 Unlike mitosis, what is the end result of meiosis?
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What is the haploid number of chromosomes for a
28 human sperm or egg cell?
29 What is the number of chromosomes in a body cell
(somatic) known as?
30 What occurs in meiosis, but not in mitosis?
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31 From a diagram be able to identify DNA and RNA
32 How is DNA like RNA? How is it different?
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If a scientist is trying to decide if a molecule is
33 RNA or DNA, for what should he test?
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In DNA, what can be said about the amount of
thymine (T) as compared to the amount of adenine
34 (A) and the amount of cytosine (C) as compared to
guanine (G)?
chromosomes
passing on traits
traits passing
from
parents to
offspring
many genes
joined
together
reducing the
number of
chromosomes by
one half
body cells, sex
cells
four genetically
different cells
are formed
23
diploid
Gametes (sex
cells) are made
Answers will
vary
thymine
There is an equal
amount of
thyamine and
adenine; there is an
equal amount of
cytosine as
guanine.
(A always pairs
with T; G always
pairs with C)
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What type of mutation has occurred if a DNA
35 sequence that initially reads ATTGCCGAT now
reads ATTGCCAT after being copied?
What type of mutation has occurred if a DNA
36 sequence that initially reads ATTGCCGAT now
reads ATTGCCAGAT after being copied?
37 When does a mutation occur?
38
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A pea plant has alleles for green and yellow seed
colors. According to Mendel’s law of
segregation of characteristics, what must a
gamete of the plant carry?
pea plant has white flowers and yellow seeds.
What does Mendel’s law of independent
assortment say about these traits?
A poodle with black fur (BB) is crossed with a
poodle with brown fur (bb). Using a Punnett
square, what is the probability that the offspring
will be black?
All characteristics are determined by what?
Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex
cells & offspring independently of one another.
This is an example of which of Mendel’s laws?
An organism with the genotype Dd is crossed
with an organism of the same genotype. Using a
Punnett square, what is the RATIO of offspring
displaying the dominant allele to offspring
displaying the recessive allele?
Be able to interpret a pedigree. (Which are
males, females, carriers of a trait, have the trait,
etc.)
Be able to work a Punnet square and answer
questions concerning the cross.
deletion
insertion
when there is a
change in the order
of the bases in an
organism’s DNA
only one allele
Inheritance of one
trait does not affect
the other.
100%
a minimum of 2
genes
independent
assortment
3:1
3
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During the formation of gametes, the two alleles
responsible for a trait separate from each other.
Alleles for a trait are then “recombined” at
fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits
segregation
of the offspring. This is an example of which of
Mendel’s laws?
If two first-generation self-pollinating plants are
crossed, Pp x Pp, what is the PROBABILITY
1/4
that offspring plants will show the recessive trait,
pp?
If you cross two rabbits that have the genotype
Bb, how many possible GENOTYPES can be
3
found in the offspring?
In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting
traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the
next generation. Offspring that are hybrid for a
dominance
trait will have only the dominant trait in the
phenotype. This is an example of which of
Mendel’s laws
In a plant, tall (D) is the dominant allele. Short
(d) is the recessive allele. Which GENOTYPE
dd
would a short offspring have?
The likelihood that an offspring will have a
the traits passed on
genetic disorder, such as sickle cell disease,
by parents
depends on what factors?
What are the possible genotypes of the offspring
if you cross a white flower (with the genotype
all Pp
pp) with a purple flower (with the genotype
PP)?
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