Download Name - cloudfront.net

3rd Nine Weeks Exam Review Key
Fill in the blanks below.
Reaction
Reactants
Products
Organelle
Occurs in which Kingdoms
Photosynthesis
Water + Carbon Dioxide
+ Sunlight
Oxygen + sugar
Chloroplasts
Some bacteria, some protists,
and ALL PLANTS
Cellular Respiration
Oxygen + Sugar
Water + Carbon Dioxide
+ ATP
Mitochondria
ALL protists, fungi, plants, and
animals
2. Systems: Digestive, Circulatory, Nervous, Respiratory (4 questions)
Fill in the data table below.
System
Respiratory
Function
Gas Exchange; removes carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen
Circulatory
Transport; carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells, carries oxygen and
nutrients towards cells
Response; senses temperature, pain, and other stimuli and coordinates movements
(muscles) to respond
Nutrient absorption; breaks food particles down into smaller molecules so that they can
be absorbed by cells and used in cellular respiration to make ATP
Nervous
Digestive
Occurs in which kingdom!
Animal!!!!!
3. Common Ancestry: Anatomical, Molecular, and Developmental (6 questions)
Fill in the data table below.
Common Ancestry
Description
Living things are divided into 6 kingdoms. But they all have at least two things in common; they have DNA and are made up of cells.
You can tell if two animals are closely related by looking at how closely their bones resemble each other.
Anatomical
Developmental
Molecular
4. Plants (7 questions)
You can tell how closely related two animals are by looking at how their embryos and fetuses develop over time
You can tell how closely all living things are by looking for similarities in DNA.
Match the following terms below.
Term
Xylem
Phloem
Phototropism
Guard Cell
Stomata
Thigmotropism
Pollination
Chloroplasts
Photosynthetic
pigment
Dormancy
Germination
Dispersal
Gravitropism
Cell Wall
Cellulose
Definition
Vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting water from the roots to the leaves.
Vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting sugars from the leaves to the roots.
Plants need sunlight to make food, making them autotrophs, so they have evolved to be able to
grow towards a light source, even if it that means growing downward, right or left
Cell that responds to water pressure in a plant to control the opening for gas exchange.
Opening created in the leaves of the plant to allow for gas exchange. Is open when the plant
has enough water and the sun is out for photosynthesis to take place. Will be closed at night or
if the plant does not have enough water, as water can be lost through this opening
Some plants can respond to touch, if they grow on a fence they can wrap themselves around it
and climb upward to get more light
Petals of flowers are often colorful and sometimes fragrant to attract animals. The animals
move around the plant, spreading its pollen from flower to flower, increasing sexual
reproduction.
Organelles inside of plant cells that trap sunlight and use water and carbon dioxide to perform
photosynthesis and produce oxygen and glucose
Chlorophyll, the molecule inside the chloroplasts that absorbs the sunlight, energy, necessary
for photosynthesis to occur.
When environmental conditions are unfavorable (cold, little water, less sunlight, etc.) plants go
into this phase to conserve energy and water till conditions improve
Seeds sprout when exposed to water, sunlight, and the right temperature
Most plants have evolved a way to increase the chances of their seeds being spread as far away
from them as possible. Some seeds have wings to be carried away by wind, some seeds have
fleshy fruit around them so animals will eat them and carry them away, etc.
Seeds are planted in soil where there is little sunlight. Seeds always start out by growing their
roots with the pull of gravity and their leaves against the pull of gravity.
Rigid structure that surrounds plant cells to provide structure and support; animal cells do not
have this structure
Compound inside plant cell walls; similar to chitin in fungi cells and peptidoglycan in bacterial
cells.
5. Plants continued…
Terms
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
germination
dispersal
pollination
xylem
phloem
stomata
guard cell
cell wall
cellulose
chloroplasts
photosynthetic
pigment
dormancy
Gravitropism
thigmotropism
phototropism
Fill in the chart below. (Angiosperms, Bryophytes (mosses) Ferns, and Gymnosperms)
Type of Plant
Major Adaptations
Mosses (Bryophytes)
First plants to evolve from a green algae ancestor. No true roots, leaves or stems but lives on land.
Reproduces using spores. Exhibits alternation of generations with the sporophyte and gametophyte phases.
The gametophyte phase is more dominate in this type of plant.
Ferns
First appearance of vascular tissue, xylem and phloem. Still reproduces with spores, sporophyte generation is
more dominant in this type of plant.
Gymnosperms (conifers) Reproduces using seeds, not spores, and produces a cone to help protect its seeds until they are mature and
then can ‘spring’ open, helping to disperse the seeds. Seeds are mainly dispersed by wind.
Angiosperms
Uses flowers to attract pollinators, increasing sexual reproduction rates and produces fruits around fertilized
eggs to increase dispersal by animals when they eat them.
6. Comparing Kingdoms (Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) (4 questions)
Fill in the chart below with the names of the kingdoms that have that characteristic.
Prokaryotic
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
Eukaryotic
Least organized cells
Most organized/specialized cells
Unicellular
Multicellular
Chloroplasts/Photosynthesis
Cell Walls
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Cellulose in cell wall
Chitin in cell wall
Peptidoglycan in cell wall
Mitochondria/Cell Respiration
Motile
Decomposers
Found in harsh environments
Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
Animals
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, MOST protists and SOME fungi
SOME Protists, MOST Fungi, ALL Plants, and ALL animals
ALL Plants! Some bacteria and SOME protists
ALL Fungi, ALL Animals, some bacteria, and some protists
ALL Plants! Some bacteria and SOME protists
All Plants, some protists
ALL fungi
Eubacteria (purple or pink when stained)
Protists, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
All animals! Some animal-like protists (flagella/euglena, cilia/paramecium,
pseudodpods/amoeba)
Some bacteria, some animals, some protists, and ALL fungi
Archaebacteria; thermophiles, halophiles, methanogens
7. Adaptations (6 questions)
Fill in the chart below by describing the typical adaptations found in these areas.
Desert Plants
Roots:
Stems:
(Arid, hot, little water, lots long
Thick, photosynthetic, store
of sun)
water
Desert Animals
Behavior during the day:
Behavior at night
(Arid, hot, little water, lots
Hiding underground,
Finding food, looking for
of sun)
sleeping, staying out of heat water, active
Rainforest Plants
(Humid, warm, lots of
water, little sun gets
through canopy)
Carnivorous Plants
Roots:
short
Stems:
Thin, long if need to find
light
Leaves:
Small, if any, reduced to
spines for protection
Skin:
Tough, prevent water loss
Stomata:
Closed when water loss is
at risk
Examples
Leaves:
Broad/wide to capture as
much sunlight as possible
Stomata:
Open for long periods of
time because water is
plentiful
Live where soil is poor so need to eat other things to gain important nutrients the soil lacks
8. Mammals (3 questions)
o Uses ______platelets________________________ to clot blood, forming a seal to decrease blood loss from a wound.
o Eggs are fertilized _______internally______________________ and the ________development__________________ of the fetus is
internal.
o Males are usually more colorful in efforts to attract more ______mates________________________
o Some mammals can sweat to __________lower____________________ internal body heat
9. Asexual and Sexual Reproduction (2 questions)
Fill the chart below with the correct type of reproduction.
Method of Reproduction
Advantage
 offspring are not genetically identical to
parents
Sexual
 increases chances for genetic diversity
 more adaptations
 evolution occurs at a greater rate
 population numbers can increase at a
Asexual
faster rate
Bacteria and Viruses – Chapter 19
Disadvantage
 mates have to present and able to
reproduce successfully

offspring are genetically identical to
parents so less chance for evolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Vocabulary: bacteriophage, pathogen, virus virus that infects only bacteria; disease causing agent; nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
Name and describe the three shapes of bacteria. Coccus – spherical, bacillus – rodlike, spirilla - spiral
What does a Gram stain tell us about a particular bacterial species? The kind of cell wall it has
List the mechanisms that cause bacterial disease. Releasing toxins, disrupting cells & tissues
What kind of conditions do bacteria need in order to live? Moisture, warmth, lots of nutrients
Why are bacteria sometimes called “nature’s recyclers”? Break down nutrients in dead material
What is the basic structure of a virus? DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
What does a virus need in order to multiply? A host cell to replicate the virus DNA
How are infectious diseases spread? Coughing, sneezing, physical contact, contaminated water or food, animals
How to antibiotics fight infections? By killing bacteria
How can viral diseases be treated? How can they be prevented? Prevented with vaccines, NOT treated with antibiotics
What is the difference between eubacteria and archaebacteria?Eubacteria is everyday bacteria. Archaebacteria thrive in harsh environment
Protista and Fungi – Chapter 20, Chapter 21
1. Vocabulary: phytoplankton, protist. bloom, mycelium, mold population of small photosynthetic organisms near ocean’s surface; any organism not a
plant, animal, fungus, or prokaryote; enormous mass of algae; tangled mass making up the body of a fungus; dark fuzz growing on bread
2. Why are algae considered one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet? They produce much of Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis
3. How do fungi obtain their food? Absorb it
4. Why are fungi in a different kingdom than plants? They do NOT carry on photosynthesis
5. What is an important role of fungi in an ecosystem? Decomposing dead organisms
6. Why do we group multicellular protists with unicellular protists? Very similar to unicellular ones
7. What organism causes malaria? Plasmodium vivax
8. How do yeast make bread rise? Does this process take place in the presence of or absence of oxygen? Fermentation produces CO2; takes place in the
absence of oxygen
9. What can upset the normal balance between bacteria and yeasts in the body? Using antibiotics
10. In which fungal group are mushrooms classified? Basidiomycota
11. What makes up a lichen? A fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium
12. How does the method by which fungi obtain nutrients help in recycling
nutrients and essential chemicals? pp. 537-538Fungi are decomposers. They break down dead, decaying organisms in order to get their nutrients.
Therefore they are heterotrophs.
Plants – Chapters 22, 23, 24, 25
1. Vocabulary: fruit, tropism ripened ovary containing angiosperm seeds; responses of plants to external stimuli
2. What are the main characteristics of plants? Multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and are autotrophic
3. For what do plants use the energy of sunlight? To carry out photosynthesis
4. What are the contents of a seed? Plant embryo, food supply, a protective covering
5. What is the protective structure in which an angiosperm seed is produced? Ovaries
6. What are the main functions of stems? Transport substances between roots & leaves
7. Which type of plant lives the longest – annual, biennial, or perennial? Perennial
8. What is the major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis? Oxygen
9. What does a plant cell contain that an animal cell does not have?Cell Wall and Chloroplast
10. What is the purpose of the stomata? What does it do in a wet environment? What does it do in a dry environment?The stomata will stay open during a wet
environment, but will have to close when it is dry in order to conserve the water
11. What is phototrophism? What advantage does a plant have with that?Phototrophism is a plant’s reaction to a stimulus causing a plant to grow and bend
toward sunlight. The advantage is allowing the plant to survive and gain the energy it needs from the sun.
12. What is gravitrophism?Gravitrophism is a plants response to grow with gravity. The roots with grow down and the stem will grow up, against gravity.
13. Where did plants evolve from?Green algae ancestor
14. What are Bryophytes?Bryophytes are mosses. They are seedless and non vascular
15. What does vascular mean?Water conducting
16. What are ferns?Ferns have vascular tissue but they are seedless.
17. What are gymnosperms and angiosperms?Gymnosperms are cone bearing, naked seed plants like pine cones, they have seeds and vascular tissue.
Angiosperms are flowers with the seeds enclosed in fruit, they also have vascular tissue.
18. What is the job of the xylem? What is the job of the phoelm?The xylem transports water from the roots to the leaves in one direction. The phoelm
transports nutrients in both directions throughout the plant.
19. Chapter 23-4. Label the leaf below.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Chapter
1. What is the formula for photosynthesis?6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
2. What is the formula for cellular respiration?6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O
3. Considering photosynthesis and cellular respiration which do plants use? Which do animals use?Plants use both photosynthesis and cellular respiration,
while animals only use cellular respiration.
4. What does ATP stand for? What does it do?ATP stands for Adenosine Tri Phosphate. ATP is stored energy in our body.
Invertebrates – Chapters 26, 27, 28, 29
1. Vocabulary – filter feeders, bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry, sessile, cephalization, diffusion strain floating plants & animals from water they take in;
having distinct left & right sides; body parts repeat around the center; organism spending its entire adult life attached to one spot; concentration of sense
organs & nerve cells in the front; movement of substances from higher concentration to lower
2. How do you define an animal? A multicellular eukaryotic heterotroph
2. How do many small aquatic organisms exchange gases through their skin? By diffusion
3. When an animal’s environment changes, what is the benefit of sexual reproduction? Improves a species’ ability to evolve
4. How are arthropods classified? by the number of body segments and appendages
5. How can you tell whether an arthropod is an insect or a spider? Count its legs
6. What multiples of body parts are usually found in echinoderms? Five
Vertebrates – Chapters 30, 31, 32, 33
1. Vocabulary – notochord, vertebrate, ectotherm, endotherm long supporting rod that runs through the body of a chordate; any chordate with a backbone;
relies on the environment to control its body temperature; can generate its own body heat
2. What is the function of a vertebrate’s backbone? To support & protect the dorsal nerve cord
3. What structures do fishes usually use for obtaining oxygen? Gills
4. What are the main characteristics of amphibians? As adults, they live on land, breathe with lungs, and have moist skin containing mucus glands (NO
SCALES & CLAWS!)
5. What probably led to the first great adaptive radiation of reptiles? They could reproduce away from water
6. What are the three main groups of mammals? Monotremes, marsupials, and placentals
7. What is the main difference between endotherms and ectotherms? The source of their body heat
8. What is asymmetry? What is bilateral symmetry? What is radial symmetry? The more complex organisms have what type of symmetry?Asymmetry is no
lines of symmetry. Bilateral is one plane of symmetry, splitting into two even sides. Radial symmetry is multiple planes of symmetry. The more complex
organisms have bilateral symmetry.
9. Some birds enter the water head first and still prevent wing damage. Which two organ systems work together to make this possible?Nervous and Muscular
System
Extra
1. In evolution terms, what does advantage mean? Give an example.Advantage is being physically adaptive and able to survive in the environment, having an
advantage over the others, having a higher chance to breed and pass on your traits to offspring. Male birds with showy feathers will give them a higher
chance of breeding.
2. Which two body systems show the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (exchange of gases)?Circulatory and respiratory
3. All living things are composed of cells.
4. What is homeostasis? Give an example of homeostasis working in our body?Homeostasis is maintaining the same stable environment. For example, our
body works through homeostasis to maintain the normal body pH and body temperature.
5. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction? What is the advantage of asexual reproduction? The advantage of sexual reproduction is genetic variation
which allows for more evolving. The advantage of asexual reproduction is the population increases and develops a lot quicker.
6. Which body systems control the processes required for nutrient absorption and transport? Digestive and Circulatory System
7. What is platelet? What affect can it have on our body? Platelets are blood cells that stop bleeding. If we had a low platelet count in our body we would
have a higher chance of bleeding from an injury.