Download B 262, F 2008

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BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008 – IN CLASS
EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1)
Date
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple-choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each)
6. Which of the following most limits terrestrial
1. Which of the following is an assumption
primary production?
of scientific philosophy?
a. Different events cannot have the same
cause.
b. Only experimental observations can
prove hypotheses to be true.
c. Senses consistently reflect reality.
d. The universe is completely disordered.
e. None of the above. (None are assumptions)
2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is
0.25, then what is the frequency of Aa?
a. 0.10
b. 0.25
c. 0.50
d. 0.75
e. None of the above
3. Death of small and large sparrows during
storms as described in The Evolution
Explosion is an example of…
a. artificial selection.
b. directional selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. sexual selection.
e. stabilizing selection.
4. As explained in The Evolution Explosion,
why do antibiotic resistance genes persist in
“wild” bacterial populations despite resistant
bacteria reproducing more slowly?
a. Bacteria simply remain prepared for
future contact with antibiotics.
b. Bacteria encounter organisms in the soil
that naturally produce antibiotics.
c. Antibiotic resistance genes just persist
as neutral (no effect) genes.
d. Bacteria create resistance genes when
they encounter antibiotics.
e. None of the above.
5. Which of the following IS an assumption
of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem?
a. genetic drift occurs
b. gene flow from another pop. occurs
c. mutation occurs
d. natural selection occurs
e. random mating occurs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Light intensity and nutrients.
Light intensity and precipitation.
Light intensity and temperature.
Nutrients and temperature.
Precipitation and temperature
7. If a population of 8000 is undergoing
exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic
rate of increase of 0.10 then what is the size of
the population after 2 years?
a. 9600
b. 8200
c. 1600
d. 800
e. None of the above
8. If a population of 50000 is undergoing
logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of
increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of
100000 then what is the size of the population
after 2 years? (round the answer to an integer if needed)
a. 100000
b. 78125
c. 75000
d. 74218
e. None of the above.
9. In the carbon cycle which of the following
“fixes” carbon?
a. burning
b. fossilization
c. glycolysis & respiration
d. photosynthesis
e. None of the above (none fix carbon)
10. Which of the following is a correct species
name?
a. coli
b. coli
c. Coli
d. Coli
e. Escherichia
f. Escherichia
g. escherichia coli
h. escherichia coli
i. Escherichia coli
j. Escherichia coli
k. Escherichia Coli
l. Escherichia Coli
SHORT ANSWER.⎯For the following briefly answer as appropriate. (10%)
1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean
3. For the following population of starfish
classification below. (2%)
calculate the allele and genotype
frequencies below. (Generally show your
Kingdom
calculations) (5%)
Aa
aa
Aa
AA
aa
Genus
Species
2. Hypothesis: There will be higher species
richness of starfishes in the high intertidal
zone than in the low intertidal zone.
Aa
aa
aa
aa
AA
Data Based on Quadrat Samples
mean # starfish per m2 high intertidal = 1.33
mean # starfish per m2 low intertidal = 8.10
P-value = 0.001
Hypothesis is supported
(circle one) (1%)
/
rejected.
Explain why ↑. (2%)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and
concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each)
1. (Ecological) Community:
2. Genetic Drift:
3. Keystone Species:
4. Natural Selection:
5. Photosynthesis (provide the chemical equation and the “point” of this process for plants):
Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008, EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2)
Date
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a
manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%)
1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits
on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup
(10%)
upper jaw
mobility
upper jaw
bones
number
of lungs
caudal
(tail) fin
fin spines
Trout
moves
2
1
forked
absent
Bluegill
moves
1
1
forked
present
Perch
moves
1
1
forked
present
Bowfin
moves
2
1
rounded
absent
Ropefish
Lungfish
Outgroup
moves
fixed
2
2
2
2
rounded
rounded
absent
absent
2. Briefly explain why the picture below is inaccurate and misleading? (6%)
3. For a population is composed of individuals with the following genotypes.
BB = 110
Bb = 780
bb = 110
a.) Is the “B-b gene” in this population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Note: Generally show your
calculations and you will not use a statistical test, simply compare.) (10%)
b.) Based on the determination you made in 3.a. above, what would be a logical biological interpretation for what
you observed (based on processes discussed in class). What could explain the concordance with or deviation
from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Do not exceed 1-2 sentences.) (2%)
4. Based on course discussions with other examples and the HIV video observed in class, explain why
evolutionarily the following occurred. Patients with HIV viruses that were resistant to anti-viral
drugs were taken off of their antiviral drugs for a time. This was dangerous because the patients
suffered greater disease symptoms while off of the drugs as the viruses multiplied. After a while off
of the drugs, the viruses in the patients were almost all susceptible to drugs again. The patients were
treated with large doses of anti-viral drugs and the number of viruses in the patients was reduced to
very low levels. (10%) (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a table in your answer.)
5. Two bacteria, the black plague bacterium and the tuberculosis bacterium (also called the white plague
bacterium), killed many Europeans in the Middle Ages.
Black plague kills 80%-95% of its sufferers within a few days to a few weeks, the remaining 5%-20% of
those infected recover.
Tuberculosis kills 5% of its sufferers within a year, the other 95% do not show disease symptoms for 2-50
years. The tuberculosis bacterium eventually kills all (100%) infected persons who do not die of other causes,
and caused about 20% of all deaths during the Middle Ages in Europe.
Black plague in Europe in 1347-1351 reduced the population by one third (the pop. decreased by over
25,000,000). However, European population density did continue to increase during times of increased
tuberculosis (but no black plague). Briefly, based on principles discussed in this class, explain why black
plague, which had a lower mortality per infection (80%-95%), reduced the European population and
tuberculosis (mortality per infection 100%) did not? (8%)
6. In human history until the 20th century disease and famine (= widespread starvation) often caused
significant reduction in human population size. War rarely did. Why? (Explain briefly in 1-2 sentences.)
(4%)