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BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2007 – IN CLASS
EXAMINATION #2 (PART 1)
Date
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each)
6. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg
1. Which of the following is an assumption
equilibrium, if the number of individuals
of scientific philosophy?
in a population of 200 that are BB is 8,
a. Different events cannot have the
then what is the frequency of Bb?
same cause.
a. 192
b. Only experimental observations can
b. 128
prove hypotheses to be true.
c. 92
c. Senses consistently reflect reality.
d. 64
d. The universe is completely
e. None of the above
disordered.
e. None of the above. (None are assumptions)
7. If a population of 4000 is undergoing
exponential growth with a yearly
2. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg
intrinsic rate of increase of 0.10 then what
equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is
is the size of the population after 2 years?
0.09, then what is the frequency of Aa?
a. 4840
a. 0.91
b. 4400
b. 0.49
c. 800
c. 0.42
d. 400
d. 0.09
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
8. If a population of 2500 is undergoing
3. As described in The Evolution Explosion and
logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate
the textbook a study of fruit fly bristles where
of increase of 0.50, and a carrying
researchers bred only flies with specific
numbers of bristles demonstrated…
capacity of 5000 then what is the size of
a. artificial selection.
the population after 2 years?
b. genetic drift.
a. 3750
c. mutation.
b. 3125
d. outbreeding.
c. 1250
e. sexual selection.
d. 625
e. None of the above.
4. Death of small and large sparrows during
storms as described in The Evolution
Explosion is an example of…
a. artificial selection.
b. directional selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. sexual selection.
e. stabilizing selection.
5. Which of the following is NOT an
assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg
theorem?
a. no genetic drift occurs
b. no gene flow from another pop. occurs
c. no mutation occurs
d. no natural selection occurs
e. nonrandom mating occurs
10. In an experimental study, the group that
does not receive the treatment and is the
basis for comparison in the…
a. experimental/treatment group
b. naturalistic group
c. negative control group
d. positive control group
10. Which of the following is a correct
species name?
a. Bos
b. Bos Taurus
c. bos taurus
d. Taurus
e. taurus
f. None of the above
SHORT ANSWER.⎯For the following briefly answer as appropriate. (10%)
1. Fill in the missing ranks in the Linnean
2. Identify three things that are “wrong” or
classification below. (2%)
misleading about this illustration. (6%)
Phylum
Order
Genus
2. Hypothesis: There will be higher species
richness of insects in buffalo grazed areas
than ungrazed areas.
a.
Data Based on Quadrat Samples
mean # insect species per m2 ungrazed = 7.33
mean # insect species per m2 grazed = 9.05
b.
P-value = 0.062
Hypothesis is supported
(circle one) (1%)
/
rejected.
c.
Explain why ↑. (1%)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and
concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each)
1. Ecological Succession:
2. Genetic Drift:
3. Monophyletic Group:
4. Primary Production:
5. Natural Selection:
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2007, EXAMINATION #2 (PART 2)
Date
Name
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a
manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (50%)
1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits
on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup
Blk. Widow
Orb Weaver
Tick
Mite
Scorpion
Horseshoe
Crab OG
(14%)
1st limbs
2nd limbs
head
abdomen
abdomen
legs
fangs
fangs
simple
simple
simple
simple
simple
simple
simple
simple
large
large
reduced
reduced
large
large
unsegment.
unsegment.
unsegment.
unsegment.
segmented
segmented
absent
absent
absent
absent
absent
present
claws
claws
2. Based on a real study of the human MN blood group system in 671 Europeans in 1994, they found
157 MM individuals, 386 MN individuals, and 128 NN individuals. (Note: In this blood system, the
alleles are indicated by the different capital letters “M” and “N.”)
a.) Show the calculations that you use to determine if the MN blood group gene is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
in this population and state if the population is at H.-W. Equilibrium. (Note: You will not use a statistical test to
make this determination for this question on this exam.) (10%)
b.) Based on the determination you made in 2.a., what would be a logical biological explanation for what you
observed (based on some of the processes discussed in class). (3%)
3. Briefly explain the differences between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species concepts. Then
briefly (in no more than 2 sentences) explain why there is controversy among biologists concerning
the exact definition of species. (8%)
4. Two bacteria, the black plague bacterium and the tuberculosis bacterium (also called the white plague
bacterium), killed many Europeans in the Middle Ages.
Black plague kills 80%-95% of its sufferers within a few days to a few weeks, the remaining 5%-20% of
those infected recover.
Tuberculosis kills 5% of its sufferers within a year, the other 95% do not show disease symptoms for 2-50
years. The tuberculosis bacterium eventually kills all (100%) infected persons who do not die of other causes,
and caused about 20% of all deaths during the Middle Ages in Europe.
Black plague in Europe in 1347-1351 reduced the population by one third (the pop. decreased by over
25,000,000). However, European population density continued to increase during times of increased
tuberculosis (but no black plague). Briefly, based on principles discussed in this class, explain why black
plague, which had a lower mortality per infection (80%-95%), reduced the European population and
tuberculosis (mortality per infection 100%) did not? (10%)