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AGE OF EXPLORATION EQ: How Did Exploration Impact The World? WHY GO EXPLORING? GOD, GLORY, GOLD Spices Mean Profit And Fame Spice trade (from Asia to Europe) profitable Italian Monopoly but others want faster route to Asia Discover new land Spread Christianity Christian duty to convert people Missionaries –religious journey to convert people to Christianity Still upset about holy lands and want to reconquer North Africa WHY GO EXPLORING CONT New Technology Caravel Better ship that can ride out a storm Different types of sails (triangle and square) for control when windy Compass Find direction Astrolabe Used stars to find distance north and south of the equator CARAVEL TECHNOLOGY COMPASS ASTROLABE YOUR TURN Doodle ONE reason why people went exploring… WHO’S WHO IN EXPLORERS Prince Henry the Navigator (Portugal) Contributed, but didn’t explore Goal: Find riches and Spread Christianity Paid for voyages that established trade with Africa First to bring back African Gold, Ivory, & Slaves Established a school to teach navigation WHO’S WHO IN EXPLORERS Who From First to… Other info Dias Portugal Southern tip of Africa daGama Portugal New route to Asia and India Sailed around Africa Columbus Spain Balboa Spain Caribbean Islands, Americas Panama Wanted new way to Asia Claims Pacific O. for Spain Cabral Portugal Parts of South America Discovered Brazil Magellan Spain Starts voyage to circumnavigate (go around) the world Americas are separate continents far from Asia—world is huge! YOUR TURN List THREE explorers and what they reached first THE AMERICAS North America (US & Canada) Explorers came upon North America by trying to find the northwest passage Northwest Passage: reach Asia by sailing NW Never found and not possible France, England & the Netherlands (Dutch) dominate exploration in North America America named for Amerigo Vespucci ENGLISH COLONIES ■ King James permits investors to start North American colony ■ In 1607, colonists found Jamestown - First English settlement in Virginia ■ Early years very difficult; many die, but settlement takes hold ■ Pilgrims - group persecuted for religion; found Plymouth in 1620 ■ Puritans - group seeking religious freedom; settle in Massachusetts ■ Many families in Massachusetts colony, which begins to grow THE AMERICAS Mexico and Central & South America Conquistador (conqueror): 16th century Spanish soldier Defeated native civilizations in Mexico, Central or South America Claimed the conquered land for their country Cortez: Conquered the Aztec of Mexico Montezuma, Leader of Aztecs, thought Cortez was a god Cortez took advantage of this and killed millions of Aztecs Pizarro: Conquered the Inca of Peru RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS Spain vs. Portugal Spain & Portugal fought over new land; claiming they each got there first Line of Demarcation Imaginary line drawn in middle of Atlantic Ocean Drawn by Pope Alexander Splits world in half for exploration West of line: Spain East of line: Portugal Later adjusted to include parts of Brazil for Portugal 1494- Treaty of Tordesillas made line official RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS Columbian Exchange ■ Exchange of goods, ideas, plants & animals between New World (N & S America) & Old World (Europe) Europeans introduced Native Americans to: Horses, cows, chickens, sheep, donkeys & oxen Native Americans introduced Europeans & Asians to: Potatoes, corn, tomatoes, beans, & turkey RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS Epidemics Rapid spread of disease Smallpox, chickenpox, measles, & flu Native Americans had no immunity Several thousand Natives died RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS Slave Trade Started by Henry the Navigator Africans capture Africans to sell. Very brutal. Sold to Europeans for: Rum, guns, & gunpowder Taken to Americas to work on plantations & in gold and silver mines Many died on way to Americas 50% death rate. For every 2 sold, one died on the way 1500’s: 10,000 Africans a year sent to Americas 1700’s: 6 - 7 million Africans shipped to Americas TRIANGULAR TRADE Triangular trade - trade network linking Europe, Africa, Americas One trade route: Manufactured goods move from Europe to Africa People move from Africa to Americas Sugar, coffee, tobacco move from Americas to Europe Voyage of enslaved Africans to Americas known as the Middle Passage As many as 20 percent of Africans die on these journeys YOUR TURN List TWO effects of exploration in the Americas