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The Age of Exploration World History What is it? ► was a period in human history starting in the 15th Century and continuing into the 17th Century, during which Europeans explored the world by ocean searching for trading partners and particular trade goods. Motives/Causes ► Increase desire to trade with Asia ► A desire to find a new route to the riches of Asia (faster) ► Curiosity about the world inspired by the Crusades and the tales of Marco Polo. ► Technological Advances made it possible ► 3 G’s: God, Glory, Gold Motives 1. Glory: Discovery of Fantastic Lands A. The Travels of John Manderville B. Magical Kingdom of Prester John (Africa) C. Lands of giants and other evil creatures D. Mysterious Christian kingdoms (India) 2. Gold: Economics A. Spices, silks, porcelain from Asia B. New trading areas, direct access to the East Motives, continued 3. God: Religious Zeal A. Crusading mentality 1. Portugal & Spain (Catholic) B. Convert the heathens worldwide C. Spiritual & secular matters closely intertwined In other words: GOD, GLORY & GOLD Technological Advances • Advances in technology such as the astrolabe and the compass made ocean navigation more exact. ►Better ships ►Better maps ►Compass ►Astrolabe (Measured the latitude using the stars at night) Explorers Prince Henry the Navigator ► Set up a school for sailors ► Secured financing for expeditions ► Sent explorers down the coast of Africa Bartholomeu Dias ► 1488, Dias reached the southern tip of Africa, latter called the Cape of Good Hope. Christopher Columbus ► hoped to find a route to the east (West Indies, Asia) by sailing west. ► 1492 discovered what would become known as “The New World”. Effects/Results ► Economic: Overseas expansion led to increased power and wealth for European powers ► Destruction of empires and civilizations in the Americas ► Social change: impact of sugar and spices Exchange of diseases ► Cultural changes (Christianity spread) ► Growth of the middle class (Europe) ► Slave Trade began (Amerindians died of diseases) Countries Involved South America ► ► Portugal (began first) Spain North America ► ► England France Rivalry ► Portugal and Spain worried the other would claim their lands ► Line of Demarcation (imaginary line dividing spheres, line ran N & S) Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) ►East of Line: Portugal ►West of Line: Spain Voyages of Exploration Extension Age of Exploration Assignment ► You have a selected explorer. ► On an index card do the following: Front ►Write their name (written in pen) ►Print Picture of them Back ►What country are they from ►Years they navigated ►What areas did the navigate, explorer, or discover? Spanish Empire ► Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors Hernan Cortes: Aztec Francisco Pizarro: Inca ► Took lands, controlled people, converted to Christianity, mistreated Natives, changed American culture Encomienda ►Established by the Spanish in their American Colonies. ►Spanish Used Native People as Cheap Labor ►Spanish Converted many Native People to Catholic Religion Mercantilism ►Economic Theory Tied into the Age of Exploration and Colonization. ►Wealth and Power of a Nation is Measured in Gold, Silver, and number of colonies ►Colonies Exist for the Benefit of the Mother Country Slave Trade ► 1518: first ship arrived in the Americas with the 1st slaves from Africa ► Triangular Trade ► Middle Passage: the journey of slaves from Africa to Americas ► 275,000 (approx) Africans exported in the 16th century. Triangular Trade ► ► Trade Between Europe, Africa, and the Americas Manufacture d Goods, Slaves, and raw materials such as sugar cane. Slave Labor ► Cheap Labor to Replace Native People that died from diseases. ► Brought from Africa. Slavery ► Causes ► Effects Needed cheap labor in Americas ► Sugar Plantations Effected lives of slaves Increased warfare in Africa Population declined in Africa New culture influence in the Americas Columbian Exchange ► Global Transfer of Goods, Animals, Plants, Foods, and Diseases between the Americas and Europe. Old World to New World: New World to Old World: Diseases: Smallpox Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold Syphilis Animals: Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs Plants: Rice Wheat Barley Oats Coffee Sugarcane Bananas Melons Olives Dandelions Daisies Clover Ragweed Kentucky Bluegrass Corn (Maize) Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties) Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Peppers Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum) Papayas Manioc (Tapioca) Guavas Avocados