Download AGE OF EXPLORATION

AGE OF
EXPLORATION
EQ: How Did
Exploration
Impact The World?
WHY GO EXPLORING?
GOD, GLORY, GOLD
 Spices Mean Profit And Fame
 Spice trade (from Asia to Europe) profitable
 Italian Monopoly but others want faster route to Asia
 Discover new land
 Spread Christianity
 Christian duty to convert people
 Missionaries –religious journey to convert people to
Christianity
 Still upset about holy lands and want to reconquer North
Africa
WHY GO EXPLORING CONT
 New Technology
 Caravel
 Better ship that can ride out a storm
 Different types of sails (triangle and square) for
control when windy
 Compass
 Find direction
 Astrolabe
 Used stars to find distance north and south of the
equator
CARAVEL
TECHNOLOGY
COMPASS
ASTROLABE
YOUR TURN
Doodle ONE reason why people
went exploring…
WHO’S WHO IN EXPLORERS
 Prince Henry the Navigator
(Portugal)
 Contributed, but didn’t explore
 Goal: Find riches and Spread
Christianity
 Paid for voyages that established
trade with Africa
 First to bring back African Gold,
Ivory, & Slaves
 Established a school to teach
navigation
WHO’S WHO IN EXPLORERS
Who
From
First to…
Other info
Dias
Portugal
Southern tip of Africa
daGama
Portugal
New route to Asia and
India
Sailed around
Africa
Columbus
Spain
Balboa
Spain
Caribbean Islands,
Americas
Panama
Wanted new
way to Asia
Claims Pacific
O. for Spain
Cabral
Portugal
Parts of South America
Discovered
Brazil
Magellan
Spain
Starts voyage to
circumnavigate (go
around) the world
Americas are
separate
continents far
from Asia—world
is huge!
YOUR TURN
List THREE explorers and what
they reached first
THE AMERICAS
 North America (US & Canada)
 Explorers came upon North America by
trying to find the northwest passage
 Northwest Passage: reach Asia by sailing NW
 Never found and not possible
 France, England & the Netherlands (Dutch)
dominate exploration in North America
 America named for Amerigo Vespucci
ENGLISH COLONIES
■ King James permits investors to start North
American colony
■ In 1607, colonists found Jamestown - First
English settlement in Virginia
■ Early years very difficult; many die, but
settlement takes hold
■ Pilgrims - group persecuted for religion;
found Plymouth in 1620
■ Puritans - group seeking religious
freedom; settle in Massachusetts
■ Many families in Massachusetts colony,
which begins to grow
THE AMERICAS
Mexico and Central & South America
Conquistador (conqueror):
16th century Spanish soldier
Defeated native civilizations in Mexico,
Central or South America
Claimed the conquered land for their
country
Cortez: Conquered the Aztec of Mexico
Montezuma, Leader of Aztecs, thought
Cortez was a god
Cortez took advantage of this and
killed millions of Aztecs
Pizarro: Conquered the Inca of Peru
RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS
Spain vs. Portugal
 Spain & Portugal fought over new land; claiming they
each got there first
 Line of Demarcation
 Imaginary line drawn in middle of Atlantic Ocean
 Drawn by Pope Alexander
 Splits world in half for exploration
 West of line: Spain
 East of line: Portugal
 Later adjusted to include parts of Brazil for
Portugal
 1494- Treaty of Tordesillas made line official
RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS
Columbian Exchange
■ Exchange of goods, ideas, plants & animals
between
 New World (N & S America) & Old World (Europe)
 Europeans introduced Native Americans to:
 Horses, cows, chickens, sheep, donkeys & oxen
 Native Americans introduced Europeans & Asians
to:
 Potatoes, corn, tomatoes, beans, & turkey
RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS
Epidemics
 Rapid spread of disease
 Smallpox, chickenpox,
measles, & flu
 Native Americans had no
immunity
 Several thousand Natives
died
RESULTS OF EXPLORATION IN AMERICAS
Slave Trade
 Started by Henry the Navigator
 Africans capture Africans to sell. Very brutal.
 Sold to Europeans for:
Rum, guns, & gunpowder
 Taken to Americas to work on plantations & in gold and
silver mines
 Many died on way to Americas
 50% death rate. For every 2 sold, one died on the way
 1500’s: 10,000 Africans a year sent to Americas
 1700’s: 6 - 7 million Africans shipped to Americas
TRIANGULAR TRADE
 Triangular trade - trade network linking
Europe, Africa, Americas
 One trade route:
 Manufactured goods move from Europe
to Africa
 People move from Africa to Americas
 Sugar, coffee, tobacco move from
Americas to Europe
 Voyage of enslaved Africans to Americas
known as the Middle Passage
 As many as 20 percent of Africans die on these
journeys
YOUR TURN
List TWO effects of exploration in
the Americas