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Thanks to Janet Diederich for creating this presentation on slideshare.net The Age of Exploration What was the Age of Exploration? • A time period when Europeans began to explore the rest of the world. • Improvements in mapmaking, shipbuilding, rigging, and navigation made this possible. • Blue water sailing, not just coastal boats. • Policy of mercantilism drives the exploration. Why did Countries Explore? • Wealth – Trade Routes – Resources – Slave Trade – Land • Religion Inventions and Improvements • Improvements to the compass (Chinese invention) – Helps identify direction Inventions and Improvements • Ships – 3 masted ships – Triangular sail – More space for cargo and supplies – Stern Rudder What was mercantilism? • Policy that said there was a limited amount of money in the world. • Each country needs to grab what they can before it is gone. • Export more than you import…more money in your pocket. • Colonies and markets were needed to keep everything in the system. Spain v. Portugal & the Line of Demarcation Line of Demarcation • The royalty of Spain & Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 – Split the newly discovered world into 2 regions • Spanish Region • Portuguese Region The Explorers: Portugal Bartolomeu Dias • Sailed around Cape of Good Hope at southern tip of Africa. • Found route to Indian Ocean • Trade can go from Europe to Asia by sea. Vasco da Gama • Landed in India in 1498. • Important trade route from Europe to India and East Indies. Ferdinand Magellan • His crew made first round-the-world voyage. • Proved for certain that the world was round. • Magellan was killed in the Phillippines, did not make it home. The Explorers: Spain Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus • Believed a shorter route to Asia could be found by sailing westward instead of around Africa. • Found the Americas instead. Oops. What was the Colombian Exchange? • Massive exchange of plants, animals and diseases. • These things moved between the New and Old Worlds. • Started with Columbus. • To the Americas: cows, horses, wheat, smallpox, plus much more. • To Europe: potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco, corn, plus much more. The Slave Trade • Europeans began to use slave labor in their colonies to grow crops, mine, etc. • Native Americans used for a while, but Africans began to be brought to the Americas. • The slave trade then became the main focus of Europe’s relations with Africa. What was the Triangular Trade? • System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. • Stage 1: Raw materials to Europe (tobacco, rum, sugar) • Stage 2: Manufactured goods to Africa (guns, cloth, rum) • Stage 3: Slaves to the Americas to make raw materials. The Triangular Trade