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EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR MAINSTREAMING DRR & CCA
INTO SECTORAL DEPARTMENTS/MINISTRIES
IN BANGLADESH
Md. Munir Chowdhury
Joint Secretary
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
COMMMUNITY BASED RESILIENCE: MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
CRA
SAFE WATER SUPPLY
RAISING PLINTHS
PREPAREDNESS
CAPACITY BUILDING
AWARENESS RAISING
AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATION
ASSESSMENT
Bangladesh: Country context and vulnerability
Recognized globally as one of the most vulnerable
countries to Climate Change
Geographical location & land characteristics,
‐ Deltaic landscape, 80% floodplain
 Multiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climate
‐ Over 300 rivers, 57 trans boundary rivers
‐ Drains entire western Himalayan runoff to the Bay
 Population density very high (1045/sq.km)
 High level of poverty  Natural resources based (predominantly agrarian) economy

3
RISK PROFILE
 First rank climate change vulnerable nations.
 Fifth rank in the world risk index 2012
DROUGHT ‐ Affecting 8.3 million Ha of land. FLASH FLOOD –Unpredictable, recurring, uncertain.
FLOOD ‐ Inundates more areas, increases river erosion, breaches embankments, damages infrastructures. Number
of people
exposed
yearly
46 Million
24 Million
71 Million
SALINITY INTRUSION ‐ Spreading from 1.5 to 2.5 Mha (2007). 20 Million
CYCLONE ‐ The deadliest and most destructive hazard. It is recurring, with lingering aftermath, complex recovery.
7 Million
CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, FIRE BREAKOUT, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE ETC.
Translated into annually 14% GNP exposure to disasters, the highest in the world…
Flood
Cyclone
Coastal upazilas
affected by severe
cyclones
Earthquake Risk
Zone
RIVER EROSION
Drought
Tsunami/
Tidal surge
Vulnerability
Major Hazards
● Flood
● Tropical Cyclone
● Storm Surge
● Tornado
● River Bank Erosion
● Drought
● Earthquake
Major Disasters
Year Disaster
Death
1970 Cyclone
300,000
1988 Flood
2373
1988 Cyclone
5704
1989 Drought
800
1991 Cyclone 138,868
1996 Tornado
545
1997 Cyclone
550
1998 Flood
1050
2004 Flood
747
2007 Flood
1071
2007 Cyclone SIDR 3406
2009 Cyclone AILA 190
Bangladesh has the highest vulnerability to flooding.
Cyclonic hazard the second highest possible natural disaster in Bangladesh.
EVOLUTION OF
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
IN BANGLADESH
1970-1985
Reactive in nature: Response oriented DM system
1985-1999
Flood Action Plan (FAP) 1988
Establishment of Disaster Management Bureau in 1993
Formulation of SOD,1997 with institutional framework
2000 – 2012 A comprehensive DM system including Risk Reduction and
CCA
Re-structuring institutional framework
Formulation of plans, act etc.
Revision of SOD (2010)
Department of Disaster Management (DMB merged with DRR)
Newly created Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief
The disaster management vision of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is :
to reduce the risk of people, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, from the effects of natural, environment and human induced hazards to a manageable and acceptable humanitarian level and to have in place an efficient emergency response management system capable of handling large scale disaster.
To achieve a paradigm shift in disaster management from conventional response and relief practice to a more comprehensive risk reduction culture, and to promote food security as an important factor in ensuring the resilience of communities to hazards
To strengthen the capacity of the Bangladesh Disaster Management system
to reduce unacceptable risk and to improve response and recovery management at all levels.
DM Model for Bangladesh
17
The Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) is overall responsible for coordinating national disaster management efforts across all agencies.
Department of Disaster Management is the implementing agency .
•CDMP – Program of the MoDMR
• CPP ‐ Program of the MoDMR
Under the DM Act,2012 a series of inter‐related committees, at both national and sub‐national levels have been created –
The National Disaster Management Council (NDMC) is the highest body chaired by the Prime Minister.
Other important committees at the policy level are
● Inter‐Ministerial Disaster Coordination Committee (IMDMCC),
● Disaster Management Advisory Committee, and ● National Disaster Response Coordination Group (NDRCG).
National Committees under Act/SOD

Cyclone Preparedness Program Implementation Board (CPPIB)

Disaster Management Training and Public Awareness Building Task
Force (DMTATF)

Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of Disaster Management
(FPOCG)

NGO Coordination Committee on Disaster Management (NGOCC)

Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster Related Warning/
Signals (CSDDWS)
Field Level Committees





District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) headed by DC to co‐ordinate and review the disaster management activities at the district level
Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UZDMC) headed by UNO to co‐ordinate and review the disaster management activities at the Upazila level
Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC) headed by the Chairman of the Union Parishad to co‐ordinate, review and implement the disaster management activities of the concerned union
Pourashava Disaster Management Committee (PDMC)
headed by the Mayor Pourashava to co‐ordinate, review and implement the disaster management activities within its area of jurisdiction
City Corporation Disaster Management Committee (CCDMC) headed by the Mayor of City Corporations to co‐
ordinate, review and implement the disaster management activities within its area of jurisdiction.
Legal instruments
 The Allocation of Business of MoDMR
 Disaster Management Act, 2012
 Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD)(Revised in 2010)
 National Plan for Disaster Management 2010‐2015
 National Disaster Management Policy(Draft)
 Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009
 Cyclone Shelter Construction, Maintenance and Management Policy 2011
 SAARC Agreement on Rapid Response to Natural Disasters
▪
Mainstreaming of the issues into development policies, ▪ Creating and strengthening national integrated disaster and climate risk reduction mechanisms,
▪ Implementing key activities as described in Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
▪ Flood Forecasting Warning Centre (FFWC) through Data management and Interactive Web Site, ▪ Institutes of Water and Flood Management (IWFM),) ▪ Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP), ▪ Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB), ▪ Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), and ▪ National Disaster Volunteer.
● 12 major ministries to develop technologies for reducing vulnerabilities and identify disaster proofing technologies in respective sectors. ● Comprehensive Disaster management Programme (Phase II).
● 6th Five‐Year Development Planning contains DRR and CCA Section –
DRF target fixed
● Vision 2021
● Perspective Plan 2010‐2021
● ECNEC decision to include DRR considerations in Development Project Proforma
● Planning Commission: DRR and CCA as part of development plans’
compliance
● Capacity building for planning professionals at all levels and for sectoral planning cells
Mainstreaming Strategies
N ation al
P o licy a nd
P la nn in g R e fo r m s
A dvocacy A w a re n ess R a isin g
D istrict L ev el
U p azila L evel
R isk R ed uc tio n
P la n n in g
P ro cesse s (lin ke d to
C R A o u tco m e s)
C a pa city B u ild in g
U n ion L evel
C o lla b o r a tiv e
P a rtn er sh ips
U nifo r m C R A
G uid elin e s
C o m m u n ity
L evel
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CDMP Outcomes:
Strategies to promote mainstreaming DRR
1)Development of strong, well-managed and professional institutions in
Bangladesh.
2)Reduced risk to rural populations through structural and non-structural
interventions, empowerment of rural communities and improved awareness.
3)Reduced risk to urban populations through structural and non-structural
interventions, improved awareness of natural hazard events.
4)Improved overall effectiveness and timeliness of disaster preparedness and
response in Bangladesh by strengthening management capacity and
coordination.
5)Better disaster-proofing of development funding across thirteen ministries.
6)Community-level adaptation to disaster risks from a changing climate is
effectively managed.
Sectoral Impacts
28
Option to Mainstreaming DRR and CCA into Development Programs and Plans
 National Level
 Local Level
 Sectoral level
‐Agriculture
‐Health
‐Water
‐ Forestry
‐ Fisheries
‐ Infrastructure
CDMP Experience in mainstreaming DRR & CCA
National
•
•
Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans
Revise the Development Project Proforma format: Incorporating DRR & CCA for compliance
Assist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
Sectoral
Local
Enter agreements with 14 sectoral Ministries/Dept.:
•Influencing sectoral policies/guidelines
•Building policy & implementation capacities
•Incorporating DRR & CCA into sectors
•Implementing pilot projects
Establish standardized methods for:
•Community Risk Assessment (CRA)
•Fast Tracked Risk Assessment (FTRA)
•Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP)
Implement large scale interventions through innovative financing: •Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund
Climate Change: Bangladesh Response

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP)
 Prepared in 2008
 Built on six pillars:
 Food security, social protection and health
 Comprehensive disaster management
 Infrastructure
 Research and knowledge management
 Mitigation and low carbon development
 Capacity building and institutional
 Contains ten year programme (a set of 37 programme ) to build the capacity and resilience of the country to meet the challenge of climate change over the next 20‐25 years.
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Adapting to Climate Change

Climate Resilient Infrastructure

More climate resilient crop variety

Adjust cropping variety and pattern

Resilience of climate sensitive livelihoods

Explore and expand non climate sensitive livelihoods

Climate resilient housing/settlement

Dredging to increase capacity of river system / wetlands

Coastal green belt

Adjust land use

Ensure health in the changing climate

Protective measures for Sunderbans, ECA, area of special
importance

Continue journey towards a climate resilient Bangladesh
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STRATEGIC GOALS OF THE DM PLAN
Goal 1: Professionalizing the DM System
Goal 2: Mainstreaming Risk Reduction
Goal3: Strengthening Institutional Mechanisms
Goal 4: Empowering at Risk Communities
Goal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction Programming
Goal 6: Strengthening Emergency Response
Systems
Goal 7: Developing and Strengthening Networks
33
Goal 1: Professionalizing the DM system
Strengthening the DM Public Policies
Adopting a comprehensive DM framework
Formalising the division of labour
Investing in academic development of the DM
5. Strengthening the knowledge management
6. Promoting the community of practice
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Goal 2: Mainstreaming Risk Reduction
1. Making risk reduction part of development planning
2. Promoting the integration of risk reduction in sectoral plans and programe
3. Strengthening risk reduction in the local level delivery of public services
4. Advancing the applications of risk reduction in technical practices (engineering, economy, social, etc.)
5. Integrating risk reduction in the school curriculum
35
Goal 3: Strengthening Institutional Mechanism
1.
Constituting the Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief (MoDMR) as the frontrunner of DM
2.
Formation and functioning of the Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) at all levels
3.
Prescribing the roles and functions of the stakeholders in the different phases of DM
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Goal 4: Empowering Risk Communities
Implementing an extensive safety net programmes
2. Conduct Community Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction Action Planning (CRA/RRAP)
3. Encouraging local level management of the risk reduction interventions
4. Instituting the Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (LDRRF) for small to medium scale interventions
5. Integrating local level DM Plans with the local development planning
1.
37
Goal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction Programming Including DRR and CCA in the medium term development programme (6th Five Year Plan)
2. Promoting risk reduction component in the sectoral departments/ministries development programmes
3. Interfacing with the Climate Change Strategic Action Planning
4. Introducing incentives for local level risk reduction programming
5. Enlisting the participation of strategic partners in risk reduction programming
1.
38
Goal 6: Strengthening Emergency Response System
Strengthening the Department of Disaster Management (DRD) of the MoDMR
2. Promoting the government leadership in the Local Consultative Group / Disaster Emergency Response (LCG/DER)
3. Investing in the improvement of the hazards forecasting, early warning and dissemination system 4. Strengthening the first responders capabilities
5. Cultivating the voluntarism for cyclone and urban settings
1.
39
Goal 7: Developing and Strengthening Networks
1. Actively engaging in the regional cooperation (SAARC)
2. Participating in the global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction
3. Contributing to the South‐South Cooperation
4. Building network with technical fields (Space technology, Meteorology, Seismic, Search and Rescue, regional knowledge management, etc.)
5. International engagement with and through civil society and United Nations 40
International Cooperation
 UNISDR : United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
 SDMC : SAARC Disaster Management Centre
 AMCDRR: Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
 ADPC : Asian Disaster Prepared Centre
 ADRC : Asian Disaster Reduction Centre
 RIMES : Regional Integrated Multi‐Hazard Early Warning System
 INSARG : International Search and Rescue Advisory Group
Future Outlook
 Consolidating DRR and CCA integration  Mainstreaming Development Framework in all sectors
 Strengthening Local Govt. capacities
 Professionalizing disaster management
 Enhancing the DRR linkages to poverty reduction, climate change
 Urban Disaster Management(Earthquake , Fire)
 Budget
Calling for Mainstreaming of DRR & CCA  5th Asian Ministerial Conference on DRR : • to link national development planning and financing with local development agenda.
• Make use of existing regional and sub‐regional resources for local capacity building.
 School of thoughts
• advocacy to and through the development planning central authorities
• integration across all key sectoral departments
• mixed top‐down and bottom‐up approach
Challenges
 Present projection of climate for the preparation of specific adaptation and DRR strategies; lack of local, downscaled data of climatic effects; localization of the impact of the extreme weather events in the future‐ challenges to address the uncertainties in the future climate change over the region.
 Whether the present status of policy and institutional mechanism for DRR and CCA in the respective member states is adequate and functional for DRR–CCA integration. What are the main gaps, and suggestion to fill the gaps?
 The concept of DRR and CCA is still evolving, and there remains a big challenge to overcome this challenge;
Challenges
 Bangladesh faces a real challenge in managing and reducing risks, in the face of changing dynamics of climate change and in ensuring effective and quality preparedness and response to slow onset, rapid and recurrent disasters.  DRR and CCA seem to be operated in isolation
 Gap in understanding how to bridge DRR &
Way forward
 Possibility of designing a new framework for “Climate and Disaster Risk Management”
 Recognize and respect the distinct differences; integration meaning harmonization of sectoral plans and cooperation for synergies
 Push for the concept of “resilience” as relevant for both disaster impacts and effects of climate change/variability
Recommendations
 The tools and techniques used for DRR such as hazard, risk and vulnerability analysis, risk assessment and monitoring, risk mitigation, early warning systems need to be integrated with CCA strategies in the important sectors like water, agriculture, human health, food security, urban development, forestry, tourism, etc.  ESCAP may prepare a comprehensive study of the present policy, institutional set up, budget allocation for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in the member states
 ESCAP may prepare an inventory of the DRR and CCA projects already implemented by the member states and identify and the replication of best practices Recommendations
 The diverse policy and the sectoral institutional framework of DRR and CCA can be effectively integrated for reducing the risks
of disaster s in the region
 As in most of the states, climate change and disaster management is looked after by two separate ministries, more linkage and coordination are necessary with respect to policy development and exchange of knowledge to avoid overlapping to increase efficiency and cost effectiveness
 ESCAP secretariat may develop a strong monitoring and evaluation criteria to track the activities on DRR and CCA integration carried out by the member states
 ESCAP may establish a common institution that may include experts from every member states and develop a road map for DRR and CCA integration among the member states.
THANK YOU