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The Construction of a Resource-saving Society in Hubei Based on Ecological Footprint Model ZHANG Xin College of Business, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P.R.China, 430000 [email protected] Abstract: Based on the ecological footprint model, this paper analyses the ecological footprint and the change trend of Hubei and explores the relationship between the ecological footprint and resource-saving society development in Hubei. Using multiple regression model, this paper proves that the socio-economic development of Hubei has a strong consumer-driven. On the level of per capita footprint and points out that people should reduce the ecological footprint to build a resource-saving society and achieve sustainable socio-economic development of Hubei Keywords: ecological footprint, resource-conserving society, Hubei 1. Introduction In Hubei, China, the rapid development of the national economy will further increase the strength of the province's resource consumption and increase the environmental stress. So it put forward to build a resource-conserving society - the sustainable development strategy. To achieve this goal, based on the theory and model of ecological footprint, this paper analyses the consumption of natural resources in Hubei explores socio-economic reasons causing excessive consumption of natural resources in order to seek a right path of building a resource-conserving society. , 2. Ecological Footprint and Resource-saving Society Construction 2.1 Ecological footprint model According to the ecological footprint theory, ecological footprint model includes the consumption model and ecological carrying capacity model. consumer model of ecological footprint: EF = N×ef = N ∑rjAi (j=1,2,…,6) (1) Where: EF for the region's total ecological footprint(hm2), N For the population, ef per capita ecological footprint hm2/cap , rj for the balance factor, Ai for the per capita area of biologically productive converted by no. i of consumer items. Ecological carrying capacity model: EC=N×ec = N ∑ajrjyj (j=1,2,…,6) (2) ① ② ( ) Where: EC for the overall ecological carrying capacity of the region(hm2 ), N for population, ec for per capita ecological carrying capacity , aj for per capita bio-productive area, rj for Balance factor, yj for yield factor ecological deficit and ecological surplus If the ecological footprint surpasses the ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit will appear; otherwise, the ecological surplus will show. Formula for: ED =EC – EF (3) Where: ED for per capita ecological deficit hm2/cap or the ecological surplus hm2/cap . It reflects the utilization of natural resources regional population. It is the direct basis to judge the regional ecological sustainable development ③ ( ) , ( ) 2.2 The ecological footprint and resource-saving society construction of Hubei First, Resource-saving society construction is a Development model under sustainable framework. It pursues efficient use of resources to meet maximum human needs under constraints of resources and environment. Ecological footprint is Measuring area of biologically productive land that yield all resources used by population and absorb the main waste arising from the population. From the perspective of the ecological footprint, the development Goal of resource-saving society in Hubei Province is lowering the required land area for maintaining provincial social development now, and reducing the ecological footprint. From the theoretical analysis, this goal is able to achieve by 167 competition and to strengthen social management, going a resource-conserving developmental road 3. In Hubei, the Dynamic Change of Ecological Footprint and Ecological Capacity from 2000--- 2007 year ( . . . . . . . ) . . . . . . . Table 1 Hubei Province2000---2007 year per capita ecological footprint hm2·cap -1 Landtype 2000year 2001year 2002year 2003year 2004year 2005year 2006year 2007year arable land 0 821 0 797 0 759 0 719 0 781 0 743 0 704 0 680 woodland 0 011 0 011 0 010 0 013 0 013 0 014 0 016 0 018 grassland 0 288 0 303 0 310 0 326 0 345 0 353 0 368 0 321 waters 0 271 0 280 0 313 0 330 0 346 0 340 0 337 0 338 energy to 0 344 0 389 0 420 0 503 0 581 0 656 0 732 construction 0 486 0 001 0 073 0 075 0 069 0 074 0 085 0 092 0 112 ecological 1 877 1 907 1 857 1 876 2 061 2 116 2 173 2 191 footprint Source come form: datas of 2000---2004 year come form references [2], datas of 2005---2007 year come . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . form Hubei Statistical Yearbook (2006—2008) 3.1 Hubei 2000---2007 annual per capita ecological footprint calculation To use the data provided by Statistical Yearbook of Hubei province in 2001-2008, based on the Consumption model of ecological footprint (1),we calculated the ecological footprints in Hubei Table 2 Hubei Province2000---2007 year pe 2000 y 2001y 2002y Landtype arableland 0 383 0 382 0 375 woodland 0 143 0 129 0 130 grassland 0 0000 0 000 0 000 waters 0 028 0 041 0 041 energy to 0 000 0 000 0 000 construction 0 008 0 006 0 006 per eco- capacity 0 561 1 558 0 552 minus 12% for 0 067 0 067 0 066 biodiversity conservation available per eco-capacity 0 494 0 491 0 486 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ecological capacity 2003y 2004y 0 365 0 362 0 132 0 132 0 000 0 000 0 041 0 025 0 000 0 000 0 005 0 005 0 524 0 544 0 065 0 063 . . . 0 . . . . . . . . .476 . . . . . . . . . 0 461 (hm ·cap ) 2005y 2006y 0.349 0.337 0.133 0.133 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.004 0.510 0.486 0.061 0.058 2 . 0 449 -1 . 0 428 2007y 0 302 0 134 0 000 0 020 0 000 0 004 0 468 0 056 . . . . . . . . . 0 412 Province from 2000 year to 2007 year. The results as shown in table 1. Based on ecological carrying capacity model(2), we calculated the ecological carrying capacity in Hubei Province from 2000 year to 2007 year. In the calculation 12% of the area of biodiversity conservation is discounted. In accordance with the definition of the ecological deficit and the ecological surplus (3),the ecological deficits of this 8 years in Hubei Province are calculated. The results as shown in table 3.It′s GDP million footprints are calculated too, for more in-depth analysis of the impact trends of people's socio-economic activities on the degree of ecological resource utilization. 168 Table 3 Hubei 2000---2007 year eco- footprint, eco-carrying and ten thousand GDP footprints year per capita per capita ecological ten thousand eco-carrying eco-footprint deficit GDP footprint 2000 2.617 -1.383 0 494 1 877 2001 2.316 -1.316 0 491 1 907 2.235 2002 -1.371 0 486 1 857 2.083 -1.397 2003 0 476 1 876 1.975 -1.610 2004 0 461 2 061 1.900 -1.667 2005 0 449 2 116 1.661 -1.745 2006 0 428 2 173 1.352 -1.779 2007 0 412 2 191 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Analysis of the results of the above calculation The above calculation shows that 2000---2007 per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province raised. It rose to 1.877 hm2 from 2.191 hm2. Its growth rate was 17%.In 2007 Hubei ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity ratio was 7.06 and ecological deficit was up to 1.779 hm2.. On the use of natural resources, Hubei exists the supply capacity of natural resources under the conditions. During the period conflicts between its eco-carrying capacity and demand supply increased. Its ecological environment was under duress. The sustainable development situation is grim there. This 8-year is the time of high socio-economic development of Hubei. Its population grew and the production scale expanded. With the development of China's automobile industry, automobile consumption has gone into the life of the residents in Hubei. Affected by national pro-active fiscal, monetary policy and urbanization policy, the real estate industry rapidly rose in Hubei Province. These were making the rapid expansion of the ecological footprint. Because of the implementation of "Rise of Central China" strategy the urbanization process speeded up, large-scale investment projects to start, a large number of arable land occupied, the ecological carrying capacity has decreased, the ecological deficit increased every year. Hubei is in the economic growth and ecological protection of the paradox and embarrassment. In the six kinds of productive land types of biology, at present, Fossil fuels has the largest deficit. Its deficit is 0.732 hectares per capita. This shows that the industry has a high ratio in Hubei's economic structure. A long period of time Hubei focus on developing heavy industry and manufacturing of high energy consumption, in the process of energy consumption it has a low Utilization. The deficit of arable land is 0.378 hectares per capita and is in the second position. This means that a large quantity of cultivated land resources is occupied in the rapid industrialization and urbanization process of Hubei. Arable land has become one of the most scarce resources. There is abnormal sharp contradiction between people and land. Tips from the ecological footprint of million GDP are: It means lower of efficient use of resources when bigger ecological footprint of GDP per million is demand. On the contrary, there is the higher utilization efficiency of resources. Table 3 shows the million GDP ecological footprint in Hubei Province appears a downward trend in the 8-year.there is a decrease of 48%. In the socio-economic development of Hubei the efficiency of the use of natural resources is progressively improved. Since 2005 yeas, the range of drop in the ecological footprint of million GDP significantly increased in Hubei. To implement the development policies of resource-saving society construction has the initial results. This proves that technological innovation resource management system changes and upgrading the industrial structure are important ways to change our country's severe ecological deficit situation and achieve sustainable development. 、 、 4. Socio-economic factors on the ecological footprint in Hubei driver analysis 169 To overcome the one-sidedness of the simple using of the ecological footprint method in the evaluation of resource consumption, we selected the impact factors of socio-economic indicators closely related with the ecological footprint and set up a partial least-squares regression model. We use this method to analog the evolution between population economic and ecology in the province in order to reflect the extent and status of sustainable development. In this paper, we select population GDP industrial conditions of industrial structure fixed-asset investment rate of urbanization and other factors to measure the impact factors of ecological footprint of Hubei from 2000 year to 2007 year Per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province as the dependent variable, we set up the multiple linear regression model with the four variables selected in order to express a number of socio-economic factors driving the mechanism of per capita ecological footprint. The model results in Table 4. 、 、 、 、 、 Table 4 Coefficient of multiple linear regression model coefficient Std.Error 44.71413 -1.85254 Constant term 2.613965 0.000538 Population 2.949088 0.061692 Log GDP 0.000704 0.0000018 Industrial situation 0.948508 0.210696 The level of urbanization F-Statistic= 3.364439922 R-squared= 0893742 t-Statistic -0.04143 0.063197 0.305622 -0.00258 0.222134 A- R-squared= 0.628099 DW=2.149197249 Through the inspection we seen the model has a very good fitting results. It proves that the socio-economic development of Hubei Province has a strong consumer-driven. On the level of per capita footprint. .Conclusion and recommendation 5 、 、 The results of regression model show that population per capita GDP industry accounted for the proportion of GDP, the level of urbanization are factors that affect the ecological footprint. Hubei's economic growth, upgrade the industrial structure, speeding up the urbanization process and rising consumption level are resulting in a corresponding ecological footprint per capita increased at the same time. This is reflected that Hubei model of socio-economic development needs to be improved from one side. In particular, it shall do the following four points. 5.1 To develop the circular economy vigorously Set up as soon as possible and improve to promote the policy system of the development of circular economy. The first is to formulate policies and laws and regulations of green consumption and recycling use of resources. The second is the development of relevant incentive policies. The government gives financial subsidies preferential loans tax incentives and etc to the enterprises and projects that have carried out a strategy of circular economy. The relational technical support system should be practiced fully. 、 、 5.2 Achieving a fundamental change in the way of economic growth, building a resource conserving society To achieve a fundamental change in the way of economic growth, we must make intensify efforts to adjust the industrial structure in every aspect related to production, construction, circulation, consumption and etc: First, the demand structure should be changed from depending on the demand for investment-led growth to consumption and investment-led growth. The second is to carry out changes in industrial structure from the growth driven by the industry to rely on the common growth driven by the industry, services and agriculture. The third is to change the way of resource use and to carry out the 170 feedback cycle process of “resources --- products --- renewable resources from waste”. 5.3 To form consumption patterns of saving resources in the whole society To strengthen the awareness and concept of people's savings, proposing the culture- saving, civilization-saving, and setting up sound systems and mechanisms to promote resource-saving society construction. To build a resource-conserving society we must vigorously advocate in the whole society to save culture and oppose the wind of extravagance and waste, gradually form a consumption-saving way of civilization, conservation with the province to adapt , , References [1]. Wackernagel, M., Monfreda, C., Erb, K. H. et al. Ecological footprint time series of Austria, the Philippines, and South Korea for 1961 - 1999: comparing the conventional approach to “an actual land area” approach[J]. Land Use Policy, 21(2004):p261 269 [2]. Tan Qingt, Wang Zhengqiang. The evolution of ecological footprint in Hubei Province over the past 20 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology.6(2008) (in Chinese) [3]. Chen Hui-xiong. Economic Growth, Ecological Foot-print and Capability of Sustainable Development: An Empirical Research on Zhejiang Province[J] China Industrial Economic ics.2008.8:83-84 (in Chinese) [4]. Hubei Statistical Yearbook (2006—2008), China Statistics Press, (in Chinese) ~ 171