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The Construction of a Resource-saving Society in Hubei Based on
Ecological Footprint Model
ZHANG Xin
College of Business, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P.R.China, 430000
[email protected]
Abstract: Based on the ecological footprint model, this paper analyses the ecological footprint and the
change trend of Hubei and explores the relationship between the ecological footprint and
resource-saving society development in Hubei. Using multiple regression model, this paper proves that
the socio-economic development of Hubei has a strong consumer-driven. On the level of per capita
footprint and points out that people should reduce the ecological footprint to build a resource-saving
society and achieve sustainable socio-economic development of Hubei
Keywords: ecological footprint, resource-conserving society, Hubei
1. Introduction
In Hubei, China, the rapid development of the national economy will further increase the strength of the
province's resource consumption and increase the environmental stress. So it put forward to build a
resource-conserving society - the sustainable development strategy. To achieve this goal, based on the
theory and model of ecological footprint, this paper analyses the consumption of natural resources in
Hubei explores socio-economic reasons causing excessive consumption of natural resources in order to
seek a right path of building a resource-conserving society.
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2. Ecological Footprint and Resource-saving Society Construction
2.1 Ecological footprint model
According to the ecological footprint theory, ecological footprint model includes the consumption model
and ecological carrying capacity model.
consumer model of ecological footprint: EF = N×ef = N ∑rjAi (j=1,2,…,6)
(1)
Where: EF for the region's total ecological footprint(hm2), N For the population, ef per capita ecological
footprint hm2/cap , rj for the balance factor, Ai for the per capita area of biologically productive
converted by no. i of consumer items.
Ecological carrying capacity model: EC=N×ec = N ∑ajrjyj (j=1,2,…,6)
(2)
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Where: EC for the overall ecological carrying capacity of the region(hm2 ), N for population, ec for per capita
ecological carrying capacity , aj for per capita bio-productive area, rj for Balance factor, yj for yield factor
ecological deficit and ecological surplus
If the ecological footprint surpasses the ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit will appear; otherwise, the
ecological surplus will show. Formula for: ED =EC – EF
(3)
Where: ED for per capita ecological deficit hm2/cap or the ecological surplus hm2/cap . It reflects the utilization
of natural resources regional population. It is the direct basis to judge the regional ecological sustainable
development
③
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2.2 The ecological footprint and resource-saving society construction of Hubei
First, Resource-saving society construction is a Development model under sustainable framework. It
pursues efficient use of resources to meet maximum human needs under constraints of resources and
environment. Ecological footprint is Measuring area of biologically productive land that yield all
resources used by population and absorb the main waste arising from the population. From the
perspective of the ecological footprint, the development Goal of resource-saving society in Hubei
Province is lowering the required land area for maintaining provincial social development now, and
reducing the ecological footprint. From the theoretical analysis, this goal is able to achieve by
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competition and to strengthen social management, going a resource-conserving developmental road
3. In Hubei, the Dynamic Change of Ecological Footprint and Ecological Capacity
from 2000--- 2007 year
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Table 1 Hubei Province2000---2007 year per capita ecological footprint hm2·cap -1
Landtype
2000year 2001year 2002year 2003year 2004year 2005year 2006year 2007year
arable land
0 821
0 797
0 759
0 719
0 781
0 743
0 704
0 680
woodland
0 011
0 011
0 010
0 013
0 013
0 014
0 016
0 018
grassland
0 288
0 303
0 310
0 326
0 345
0 353
0 368
0 321
waters
0 271
0 280
0 313
0 330
0 346
0 340
0 337
0 338
energy to
0 344
0 389
0 420
0 503
0 581
0 656
0 732
construction 0 486
0
001
0
073
0
075
0
069
0
074
0
085
0
092
0
112
ecological
1 877
1 907
1 857
1 876
2 061
2 116
2 173
2 191
footprint
Source come form: datas of 2000---2004 year come form references [2], datas of 2005---2007 year come
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form Hubei Statistical Yearbook (2006—2008)
3.1 Hubei 2000---2007 annual per capita ecological footprint calculation
To use the data provided by Statistical Yearbook of Hubei province in 2001-2008, based on the
Consumption model of ecological footprint (1),we calculated the ecological footprints in Hubei
Table 2 Hubei Province2000---2007 year pe
2000 y
2001y
2002y
Landtype
arableland
0 383
0 382
0 375
woodland
0 143
0 129
0 130
grassland
0 0000
0 000
0 000
waters
0 028
0 041
0 041
energy to
0
000
0
000
0 000
construction
0
008
0
006
0 006
per eco- capacity
0
561
1
558
0 552
minus 12% for
0 067
0 067
0 066
biodiversity
conservation
available
per
eco-capacity
0 494
0 491
0 486
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ecological capacity
2003y
2004y
0 365
0 362
0 132
0 132
0 000
0 000
0 041
0 025
0 000
0 000
0 005
0 005
0 524
0 544
0 065
0 063
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．476
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0 461
（hm ·cap ）
2005y
2006y
0．349 0．337
0．133 0．133
0．000 0．000
0．024 0．022
0．000 0．000
0．004 0．004
0．510 0．486
0．061 0．058
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0 449
-1
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0 428
2007y
0 302
0 134
0 000
0 020
0 000
0 004
0 468
0 056
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0 412
Province from 2000 year to 2007 year. The results as shown in table 1. Based on ecological carrying
capacity model(2), we calculated the ecological carrying capacity in Hubei Province from 2000 year to
2007 year. In the calculation 12% of the area of biodiversity conservation is discounted.
In accordance with the definition of the ecological deficit and the ecological surplus (3),the ecological
deficits of this 8 years in Hubei Province are calculated. The results as shown in table 3.It′s GDP million
footprints are calculated too, for more in-depth analysis of the impact trends of people's socio-economic
activities on the degree of ecological resource utilization.
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Table 3
Hubei 2000---2007 year eco- footprint, eco-carrying and ten thousand GDP footprints
year
per
capita per
capita ecological
ten thousand
eco-carrying
eco-footprint
deficit
GDP footprint
2000
2.617
-1.383
0 494
1 877
2001
2.316
-1.316
0 491
1 907
2.235
2002
-1.371
0 486
1 857
2.083
-1.397
2003
0 476
1 876
1.975
-1.610
2004
0 461
2 061
1.900
-1.667
2005
0 449
2 116
1.661
-1.745
2006
0 428
2 173
1.352
-1.779
2007
0 412
2 191
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3.2 Analysis of the results of the above calculation
The above calculation shows that 2000---2007 per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province raised.
It rose to 1.877 hm2 from 2.191 hm2. Its growth rate was 17%.In 2007 Hubei ecological footprint and
ecological carrying capacity ratio was 7.06 and ecological deficit was up to 1.779 hm2.. On the use of
natural resources, Hubei exists the supply capacity of natural resources under the conditions. During the
period conflicts between its eco-carrying capacity and demand supply increased. Its ecological
environment was under duress. The sustainable development situation is grim there.
This 8-year is the time of high socio-economic development of Hubei. Its population grew and the
production scale expanded. With the development of China's automobile industry, automobile
consumption has gone into the life of the residents in Hubei. Affected by national pro-active fiscal,
monetary policy and urbanization policy, the real estate industry rapidly rose in Hubei Province. These
were making the rapid expansion of the ecological footprint. Because of the implementation of "Rise of
Central China" strategy the urbanization process speeded up, large-scale investment projects to start, a
large number of arable land occupied, the ecological carrying capacity has decreased, the ecological
deficit increased every year. Hubei is in the economic growth and ecological protection of the paradox
and embarrassment.
In the six kinds of productive land types of biology, at present, Fossil fuels has the largest deficit. Its
deficit is 0.732 hectares per capita. This shows that the industry has a high ratio in Hubei's economic
structure. A long period of time Hubei focus on developing heavy industry and manufacturing of high
energy consumption, in the process of energy consumption it has a low Utilization. The deficit of arable
land is 0.378 hectares per capita and is in the second position. This means that a large quantity of
cultivated land resources is occupied in the rapid industrialization and urbanization process of Hubei.
Arable land has become one of the most scarce resources. There is abnormal sharp contradiction
between people and land.
Tips from the ecological footprint of million GDP are: It means lower of efficient use of resources when
bigger ecological footprint of GDP per million is demand. On the contrary, there is the higher utilization
efficiency of resources. Table 3 shows the million GDP ecological footprint in Hubei Province appears a
downward trend in the 8-year.there is a decrease of 48%. In the socio-economic development of Hubei
the efficiency of the use of natural resources is progressively improved. Since 2005 yeas, the range of
drop in the ecological footprint of million GDP significantly increased in Hubei. To implement the
development policies of resource-saving society construction has the initial results. This proves that
technological innovation resource management system changes and upgrading the industrial structure
are important ways to change our country's severe ecological deficit situation and achieve sustainable
development.
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4. Socio-economic factors on the ecological footprint in Hubei driver analysis
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To overcome the one-sidedness of the simple using of the ecological footprint method in the evaluation
of resource consumption, we selected the impact factors of socio-economic indicators closely related
with the ecological footprint and set up a partial least-squares regression model. We use this method to
analog the evolution between population economic and ecology in the province in order to
reflect the extent and status of sustainable development. In this paper, we select population GDP
industrial conditions of industrial structure fixed-asset investment rate of urbanization and other factors
to measure the impact factors of ecological footprint of Hubei from 2000 year to 2007 year
Per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province as the dependent variable, we set up the multiple linear
regression model with the four variables selected in order to express a number of socio-economic factors
driving the mechanism of per capita ecological footprint. The model results in Table 4.
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Table 4
Coefficient of multiple linear regression model
coefficient
Std.Error
44.71413
-1.85254
Constant term
2.613965
0.000538
Population
2.949088
0.061692
Log GDP
0.000704
0.0000018
Industrial situation
0.948508
0.210696
The level of urbanization
F-Statistic= 3.364439922
R-squared= 0893742
t-Statistic
-0.04143
0.063197
0.305622
-0.00258
0.222134
A- R-squared= 0.628099
DW=2.149197249
Through the inspection we seen the model has a very good fitting results. It proves that the
socio-economic development of Hubei Province has a strong consumer-driven. On the level of per
capita footprint.
．Conclusion and recommendation
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The results of regression model show that population per capita GDP industry accounted for the
proportion of GDP, the level of urbanization are factors that affect the ecological footprint. Hubei's
economic growth, upgrade the industrial structure, speeding up the urbanization process and rising
consumption level are resulting in a corresponding ecological footprint per capita increased at the same
time. This is reflected that Hubei model of socio-economic development needs to be improved from one
side. In particular, it shall do the following four points.
5.1 To develop the circular economy vigorously
Set up as soon as possible and improve to promote the policy system of the development of circular
economy. The first is to formulate policies and laws and regulations of green consumption and recycling
use of resources. The second is the development of relevant incentive policies. The government gives
financial subsidies preferential loans tax incentives and etc to the enterprises and projects that have
carried out a strategy of circular economy. The relational technical support system should be practiced
fully.
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5.2 Achieving a fundamental change in the way of economic growth, building a resource
conserving society
To achieve a fundamental change in the way of economic growth, we must make intensify efforts to
adjust the industrial structure in every aspect related to production, construction, circulation,
consumption and etc: First, the demand structure should be changed from depending on the demand for
investment-led growth to consumption and investment-led growth. The second is to carry out changes in
industrial structure from the growth driven by the industry to rely on the common growth driven by the
industry, services and agriculture. The third is to change the way of resource use and to carry out the
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feedback cycle process of “resources --- products --- renewable resources from waste”.
5.3 To form consumption patterns of saving resources in the whole society
To strengthen the awareness and concept of people's savings, proposing the culture- saving,
civilization-saving, and setting up sound systems and mechanisms to promote resource-saving society
construction. To build a resource-conserving society we must vigorously advocate in the whole society
to save culture and oppose the wind of extravagance and waste, gradually form a consumption-saving
way of civilization, conservation with the province to adapt
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References
[1]. Wackernagel, M., Monfreda, C., Erb, K. H. et al. Ecological footprint time series of Austria, the
Philippines, and South Korea for 1961 - 1999: comparing the conventional approach to “an actual
land area” approach[J]. Land Use Policy, 21(2004):p261 269
[2]. Tan Qingt, Wang Zhengqiang. The evolution of ecological footprint in Hubei Province over the
past 20 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology.6(2008) (in Chinese)
[3]. Chen Hui-xiong. Economic Growth, Ecological Foot-print and Capability of Sustainable
Development: An Empirical Research on Zhejiang Province[J] China Industrial Economic
ics.2008.8:83-84 (in Chinese)
[4]. Hubei Statistical Yearbook (2006—2008), China Statistics Press, (in Chinese)
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