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2015 Biology Spring Final Review Your spring final will consist of 50 multiple choice questions at 2 points a question. You can use YOUR review on your final! Don’t forget it! Genetics – Chapter 6 Chromosomal mutation Cancer Gene Allele Genotype vs Phenotype Homozygous vs. Heterozygous Dominant vs Recessive Incomplete dominance vs. Codominance Be able to: o Set up and predict outcomes using a Punnett Squares: Here are some example questions: 1. Dihybrid cross: If several pea plants with the genotype TTBb are crossed with pea plants with the genotype Ttbb, what percentage of the offspring will be expected to have the TTBb allele combination? 2. Colorblindness is a recessive, X-linked trait. In marriages between a man who is colorblind (XbY), and a woman who is a carrier (XBXb) what percentage of their children can be expected to be sons who are not color blind? 3. The offspring of two chickens have a 1 out of 4 chance of being white. The color white is a recessive trait (y). Which cross could produce the probability of such offspring? o Interpret a Karyotype identify chromosomal mutation o Read results of DNA Fingerprinting o Read and interpret a Pedigree Cells vs Viruses – Chapter 18 Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cell Lytic cycle Lysogenic Cycle Antibiotic Vaccine All Cells Virus Structure Genetic Material Energy Reproduction How are bacteria helpful in humans? How are bacteria harmful to humans? EVOLUTION – Chapter 11-12 What is Evolution? Be able to match the Mechanisms of Evolution to examples: Gene flow Genetic Drift Mutation Sexual Selection Natural Selection Artificial Selection What is the theory of Common ancestry? How do scientists use the following types of evidence to study evolution? Know examples of each Fossils Homologous Structures Embryological Development Artificial Selection Taxonomy – Chapter 18 Understand how to use Linnaeus’ system of classification to show relationship between species: Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. DNA sequencing Know how to use binomial nomenclature and be able to compare evolutionary relationships of species What is a dichotomous key? How do you read one? Be able to compare relationship of species using a D.Key. To able to compare and identify characteristics of each kingdom Archeabacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plants Animal Domain Prokaryote or Eukaryote Cell wall makeup (made up of) Unicellular or Multicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph ECOLOGY – Chapter 3-4 Know the levels of organization (from largest to smallest): Biosphere Ec osystem Community Population Individual What happens to the amount of available energy at each trophic level? Explain the 10% Energy Law. How does an ecosystem maintain balance? What is the purpose of decomposers? Why are decomposers necessary for an ecosystem? Be able to identify what type of adaptation is described (structural, functional, behavioral). Then state how that adaptation is helping the organism maintain homeostasis in regards to conserving/releasing energy and/or nutrients. Be able to identify examples of community interactions and symbiotic relationships: Predation Competition Be able to identify examples of succession: Primary Succession: Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism Secondary Succession: Be able to identify types of beneficial bacteria in the environment and identify HOW they are helping the environment. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Decomposers Changes in an Ecosystem Be able to explain how limited resources lead to competition which affects the ecosystem. Be able to explain how abiotic and biotic factors affect the equilibrium of a population/ecosystem Be able to describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Be able to identify cause and effect of Carbon and Nitrogen cycles.