Download Quick Vocabulary Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Calorie

Name
Date
Class
Quick Vocabulary
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Calorie amount of energy it takes to
chemical digestion process by
raise the temperature of 1 kg of
water by 1°C; measures energy
in food
carbohydrate usually the body’s
main source of energy; made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms
fat nutrient, also called a lipid;
provides energy; aids in absorption
of vitamins
mineral inorganic nutrient; helps
the body regulate many chemical
reactions
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protein large molecule made of
amino acids; contains carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sometimes sulfur
vitamin nutrient needed in small
amounts for growth, regulating
body functions, and preventing
some diseases
which chemical reactions break
down food into smaller molecules
chemical reaction process in which
a compound is formed or broken
down
chyme thin, watery liquid in the
stomach made from food and
gastric juice
digestion mechanical and chemical
breakdown of food that the body
can absorb and use
enzyme protein that helps break
down molecules and speeds up the
rate of chemical reactions
esophagus muscular tube that
connects the mouth to the
stomach
mechanical digestion process that
physically breaks food into smaller
pieces
peristalsis wavelike muscle
contractions that move food
through the digestive tract
substance matter that has a
particular chemical makeup
villi fingerlike projections lining the
folds of the small intestine
Digestion and Excretion
3
Name
Date
Class
Quick Vocabulary
Lesson 3
area part of something that has a
particular function
bladder muscular sac that holds
urine until the urine is excreted
excretory system collects and
eliminates wastes from the body;
regulates the level of fluid in the
body
kidney bean-shaped organ; filters
wastes from blood
nephron network of capillaries and
tubules, where filtration of blood
occurs
ureter tube through which urine
leaves each kidney
urethra tube through which urine
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
leaves bladder
urine fluid, produced after blood is
filtered; removes wastes from body
4
Digestion and Excretion