* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Basics PPT
Survey
Document related concepts
Major explorations after the Age of Discovery wikipedia , lookup
Environmental determinism wikipedia , lookup
History of navigation wikipedia , lookup
Biogeography wikipedia , lookup
History of cartography wikipedia , lookup
Cartography wikipedia , lookup
Map projection wikipedia , lookup
Cartographic propaganda wikipedia , lookup
Scale (map) wikipedia , lookup
History of longitude wikipedia , lookup
Royal Geographical Society wikipedia , lookup
Iberian cartography, 1400–1600 wikipedia , lookup
Department of Geography, University of Kentucky wikipedia , lookup
Mercator 1569 world map wikipedia , lookup
Military geography wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location/Maps/ Regions/Geography Terms C.J. Cox GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms LOCATION Place Names – labels for locations – toponyms Relative Location – location relative to other locations – situation Exact Location – geographic grid (38 °N 120 °W) latitude & longitude – site Location/Geographic Grid Location – relative, exact, place names Geographic Reference Points – Equator – North and South Poles Geographic Grid – Latitude & Longitude Latitude GEOGRAPHIC GRID Equator - A circle that divides the globe into two equal halves or hemispheres of north and south. Located at 0 ° latitude GEOGRAPHIC GRID North and South Poles - located at right angles or 90° from the plane of the equator. 90 0 Parallels are circular lines used to indicate latitude Meridians are arcs used to Prime Meridian: The meridian, designated as 0° E, W longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England. International Date Line: An arc that follows 180° longitude E,W. When crossing the date line, the calendar is turned forward or backward one day, depending on direction of travel. Latitude is angular measurement north and south of the equator Longitude is angular measurement east and west of England GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms MAPS & GLOBES Tools of the Geographer – – Globes – round models of the earth – Maps – flat representations of the earth – Remote Sensing Images Photographic Satellite collection of data Geographic Information Systems MAPS Map: flat representations of a globe SCALE Scale: the size relationship between what the map shows and actual distance on the ground Large scale = small area Small scale= large area SCALE Scale: the relationship between units on the map and actual distance on the ground Written Scale: one inch equals one mile Linear or Graphic Scale: |---------|---------|----------| Ratio Scale (representative fraction): 1:63,360 GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms THE CONCEPT OF REGION THE CONCEPT OF REGION Worlds within worlds Areas with unifying characteristics Regions may be large or small – continental or local – ie. World regions, countries, local regions Subregions – regions within regions THE CONCEPT OF REGION Regions may be – economic – environmental – historical – cultural other ideas? THE CONCEPT OF REGION Formal Regions - clear definitive regions – ie.city administrative region Functional Regions - regions that facilitate interaction between regions – positive linkages & conflicts – ie. ethnic regions World Culture Regions GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms GEOGRAPHY TERMS Hearth: The region from which a phenomenon originates; a center of innovation. GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distance Decay: The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. GEOGRAPHY TERMS Diffusion: The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people or technology from one region to another. GEOGRAPHY TERMS Spatial Interaction: The movement of people, goods, and ideas within and among regions. GEOGRAPHY TERMS Acculturation: The modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more prevalent culture. GEOGRAPHY TERMS Assimilation: Complete integration with dominant culture. Loss of distinguishing characteristics of original culture are lost with the second generation or later. The child will be assimilated, while the parents from another culture will acculturate. GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distribution – The regular arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth’s surface. GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distribution includes: Density: How many of something exists within a given unit of area. Concentration: clusters or groupings of something. Pattern: The geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area.