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World Cultures
Chapter 1
World cultures is the study of the
connections between people and their
environment
Geography is the study of where people,
places, and things are located and how they
relate to each other
Five Themes of Geography
Location
Place
Interaction between people and their environment
Movement
Region
Location – position on the Earth’s surface
Relative location – describe position
Absolute location – use latitude and longitude
Latitude – distance north or south of the Equator
Longitude – distance east or west of the Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian – imaginary line that runs through Greenwich
England Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
Place – physical and human
characteristics
Physical characteristics landforms, climate, soil, animal
life
Human characteristics –
peoples’ ways of life –
activities, transportation,
religion,
language
Interaction between people and
their environment
people change the world around
them
Hidden cost
pollution
People must decide how to build
their economies without harming
the environment
Adaptation
People sometimes have to
change due to the environment
Movement
of people, goods, and ideas
often occurs together
Migration
people moving from place to
place looking for food, a better
way of life, war, natural
disasters, involuntarily
Interdependence
dependence of countries on
goods, resources, and
knowledge from other parts of
the world
Region
Unifying characteristics
Physical characteristics
Cultural characteristics
Political characteristics
Economic characteristics
• Physical characteristics – landforms / climate
• Cultural characteristics – shared religion
• Political characteristics – nations
• Economic characteristics – developed,
developing, Third World
Mercator projection
Robinson projection
Map projections
ways of showing the
curved Earth on a flat
surface
Interrupted projection
Peters projection
Political map - show the borders that divide nations
Physical map - show features - mountains lakes, rivers
Natural resource map - shows the location of oil,
coal, other important resources
Climate map
Vegetation map - show the plant life of a place or region
Culture
all things that make up a people’s
entire way of life
Elements of culture
Social organization
Customs and traditions
Language
Arts and literature
Religion
Forms of government
Economic systems
Social Organization
Organizing members into smaller groups
Family is the most important unit of social organization
Person with authority varies from one culture to another
Family patterns
Nuclear family – typical in industrialized societies
Extended family – common in many societies
Social classes
Ranks people in order of status
Bases on factor a culture values highly
In the past, a person born into a class, stayed in the class for life
Customs and Traditions
Rules of behavior
Minor rules of everyday behavior are enforced by social pressure
Rules concerning what is right and wrong are enforced more
strictly often are part of a culture’s written laws
Language
Cornerstone of culture
Arts and Literature
Teaches about cultural values
Religion
supports the values that the people consider important
Monotheism – the worship of one god
Polytheism – the worship of more than one god
Major religions
Hinduism
Buddhism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Government
Provides for common needs
Keeps order within society
Protects the society from outside threats
Types of Government
Democracy – people have supreme power, the government may act
on by and with consent of the people
Republic – the people choose the leaders who represent them
Dictatorship – the ruler or group holds power through force
Causes of Cultural Change
Technology
skills and tools people use
Changing environment
adapt to changes in environment
New ideas
alteration of actions
Diffusion
the movement of customs or ideas from one
place to another
Chapter 1 – Section Quizes
• Geography
• Interdependence
• Latitude
• Longitude
• Location
• Plateau
• Climate
• Mountain
• Topography
• Vegetation
• Polytheism
• Republic
• Dictatorship
• Nuclear Family
• Culture
• Diffusion
• Ethnocentrism
• Racism
• Subculture
• Technology
• How do geographers describe a place?
• Examples of how humans interact with their
environment.
• Why do countries trade?
• Why did early people migrate?
• Examples of physical regions.
• Advantages of globes versus flat maps.
• Advantages of flat maps over globes.
• Know the major land forms.
• Why do regions around the Equator have
warm climates?
• Most important unit of social organization.
• People wo speak the same language
typically share ---.
• Important elements of culture.
• Purpose of government.
• What are the three basic economic
questions nations must ask?
• How did new technology (tools made with
stone and bone) change peoples lives?
• Rock-and-Roll came from what cultural
region?
• How has recent technology quickened the
pace of change?
• How has technology changed the Traveling
People way of life?
• How can cultural diffusion combat racism?