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Transcript
Teaching Geography TCH 347 Social Studies in the Elementary School Department of Education Shippensburg University Han Liu, Ph. D. Teaching Geography What is Geography • Geography is the study of the Earth, how it shapes people’s lives and how it is shaped in turn by people’s activities Subfields of Geography • • • • • • • • • • • Physical geography Agricultural geography Biogeography Resources geography Human geography Political geography Economic geography Historical geography Cultural geography Urban geography … Five Themes • Location • Absolute Location • Relative Location • Place • Human Characteristics • Physical Characteristics • Human-environment Interaction • Humans adapt to the environment • Humans modify the environment • Humans depend on the environment • Movement • People • Goods • Ideas • Region • Formal • Functional • Vernacular (perceptual) Geography Standards • Spatial elements • Globe and maps • Places and region • Physical & human characteristics • Physical systems • Landform, biomes, & ecosystems • Human systems • Culture, settlement, interdependence, cooperation & conflict • Environment and society • Impact of human actions on physical systems and vice versa • Applying geography • Using geography to interpret the present and plan the future The Universe • The Sun and Planets 1. Mercury 2. Venus 3. Earth 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Our Galactic Address •U.S.A •North America •Northern & Western Hemisphere • Earth • Solar System • Milky Way Galaxy • Universe Globe • Globe (horizontal) • • • • • • • • Parallels Latitude Equator Northern & Southern Hemispheres Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of cancer The Arctic Circle The Antarctic Circle • Globe (vertical) • • • • • • Meridians Prime Meridian Longitude Time Zones International Date Line Eastern & Western Hemispheres • North Pole & South Pole Map • • • • • • • • • • Campus Rose Cardinal directions Symbols or Icons Keys or Legends Coordinates Map Scale Map Grid Map Index Map Title Altitude or Elevation Map Projections • Conic: Accurate distance, direction, and shape for the limited area mapped. • Interrupted: Accurate area and shape • Mercator (Cylindrical): Accurate direction, but land and water are greatly distorted towards the two poles. • Polar: Mapping hemispheres instead of the whole earth. Accurate direction and distance. Shapes and size are distorted towards the edges. • Robison (Oval): Accurate shape and size of continents, water areas are distorted Kinds of Maps • • • • • • • • • • • Political map Physical map Cultural map Water map (charts) Relief map Distribution map Relative location map Topographic map Climate and weather map Outline map Time zone map Land Form Concept Cluster •Continents •Plains •Plateaus •Mountains •Mountain Range •Peak •Hills •Mesa •Dune •Deserts •Oasis •Jungle •River Valley •Basin •Delta •Prairie •Marsh/Swamp •Harbor •Beach •Coast/Shore •Islands •Archipelago •Peninsula •Strait •Isthmus •Cape •Reef •Atoll Water Body Concept Cluster •Ocean •Pacific Ocean •Atlantic Ocean •Indian Ocean •Arctic Ocean •Sea •Gulf •Bay •River •Source •Course •Mouth •Estuary •Tributary •Lake •Salt water lake •Fresh water lake •Pond •Channel/Strait The Biome Concept Cluster • • • • • • • • • Tropical rain forests Tropical grasslands Mediterranean regions Temperate forests Cool forests Cool grasslands Deserts Tundra Polar regions Sample Topics • • • • • • • • • • • • Landform and agriculture Rivers and transportation Population distribution Petroleum reserves Local industry Regional resources Forest fire Hurricane Settlement patterns Urbanization Air pollution Global warming Sample Inquiry Questions -1 • What causes an earthquake? • What is the ranking order of the drinking water qualities in the 10 largest cities in U.S.? • Which city is closer to New York, Johannesburg or Helsinki? • Which state has the most coal reserves in the United States? • Please name five cities in the world where you can live comfortably across the four seasons with shirts and shorts on you. • What do you find when comparing the population of China and that of Europe? Sample Inquiry Questions -2 • What are major factors that define a land biome? • What are the five major religions in the world? • How many languages are spoken in the world? How are they distributed globally? • Why Kyoto treaty is so controversial? • Why do people move from region to region, and from country to country? • What are the major industries in your State? Concept Organizers • Pairs • • • • • • Gulf – Bay Location – Place Metropolis – Megalopolis Longitude – Latitude Territory – Border Seaport - Airport • Triad • • • • • Village – Town - City Urban – Suburban – Rural Climate – Weather – Temperature Street – Neighborhood – Community Regional – National - International Concept Organizers: Clustering Concept Organizers: Fishbone Concept Organizers: Spider Map Concept Organizers: Venn Diagram -2 Concept Organizers: Venn Diagram -3 Suggested Activities • Playing with prepositions to learn orientation, direction, and relative locations • Conducting concept cluster relay contest • Searching for driving directions using search engines • Collecting concepts of climate, weather, and temperature from watching TV • Checking each others’ clothes/foot ware tags to see where the product was made • Presenting “This is My Country” with PPT by assigning each student with a country to investigate • Using Venn Diagram to compare and contrast concepts Learning Skills – Mnemonics • NEWS - North, East, West, south • I Am A Person - The 4 Oceans (Indian, Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific) • Pandas Are Interesting Animals - Four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic • HOMES - Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior • My Very Educated Mother Just Sent Us Nine Pickles! -The Nine Planets: Planets from the sun in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Online Resources • • NCGE • http://www.ncge.org/ Five Themes • • The official US time • • http://www.gisnet.com/notebook/comprose.html#32points Graphic Organizer • • http://users.frii.com/geomanda/mnemonics.html http://www.happychild.org.uk/acc/tpr/mne/ Origins of the Compass Rose • • http://www.mapping.com/Questions.html Mnemonics • • • http://www.factmonster.com/p/brainpop/latitudeandlongitude.html Comprehensive Questions • • http://unknownprogrammer.home.comcast.net/states/sindex.htm Longitude & Latitude • • http://www.apples4theteacher.com/map-of-usa.html Mnemonics of State & Capitals • • http://www.lizardpoint.com/fun/geoquiz/ Stats & State Capitals Quiz • • http://www.time.gov/timezone.cgi?Eastern/d/-5/java Geography Knowledge Quiz • • http://www2.una.edu/geography/statedepted/themes.html http://www.sdcoe.net/SCORE/actbank/torganiz.htm Interactive Venn Diagram • http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/vdiagram/index.html