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World Map
Individual countries
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#1 The World in Spatial Terms
Location
Where is it?
Why is it there?
Two Types of Location
 Absolute
 Relative
Hudson Bend Middle School
15600 Lariat Trail Austin, TX 78734
Latitude: 30.39137
Longitude: 97.935225
30 N, 97W
Absolute Location
Absolute = Exactly, Specific, Global Address
What people need to tell exactly where they are.
Specific Place – where are you specifically right now?
Latitude and Longitude (the global address)
 Latitude Lines run East to West
……Measure N to S
 Longitude Lines run North to South
 ….Measure E to W
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Relative Location
Where a place is, in relation to another place.
Use words to describe
North, South, East West
Austin is NORTH of San Antonio.
Texas is SOUTH of Arkansas.
# 2 Places & Regions
Place = Features & Characteristics that give an
area its OWN identity
Physical Characteristics - Landforms, climate, plants,
animals
Human Characteristics – Language, Religion, Music,
Politics, a way of life
Region = A grouping of Places
Human Characteristics
People
Culture
Language, Religion, Customs
Buildings & Landmarks
Cities
Austin, Texas Human Characteristics
Artic Circle
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The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that marks the
latitude above which the sun does not set on the day of the
summer solstice (usually 21 June) and does not rise on the
day of the winter solstice (usually 21 December). North of
this latitude, periods of continuous daylight or night last up
to six months at the North Pole.
Antarctic Circle
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 Antarctic Circle, imaginary circle on the surface of the earth at
 66 1/2°S latitude.
 It marks the southernmost point at which the sun can be seen at the
winter solstice (about June 22) and the northernmost point of the
southern polar regions at which the midnight sun is visible
Marguerite Bay
Tropic of Cancer & Capricorn
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 Three of the most significant imaginary lines running across the surface of
the earth are the equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of
Capricorn.
 While the equator is the longest line of latitude on the earth (the line
where the earth is widest in an east-west direction), the tropics are
based on the sun's position in relation to the earth at two points
of the year. (about.com)
 The sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Cancer on June 21
(the beginning of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning
of winter in the Southern Hemisphere)
 The sun is directly overhead at noon on the Tropic of Capricorn on
December 21 (the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and
the beginning of summer in the Southern Hemisphere).
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The starting point for determining Longitude
is the
Prime Meridian 0 0.
Does the earth have East and West Poles?
Through an international agreement
Greenwich, England was chosen as a place
for all longitude lines to be measured.
Two Equal Parts =
East or West of the Prime Meridian
Latitude
The starting point for measuring Latitude is
the Equator.
The equator divides the earth into
Two Equal Parts =
North Latitude and the South Latitude
What is 0o (zero degrees)?
North Pole the South Pole