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Internet Vulnerabilities & Criminal Activity 2.1 – 2/1/10 The History of the Internet Sexual Addiction to the Internet In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET. And the ARPANET was without form and void. And darkness was upon the deep. And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of the network and APRA said, “Let there be a protocol,” and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw that it was good. Danny Cohen - http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history Changes the Internet wrought Changed communications world wide as never before Broadcasting Dissemination Collaboration Benefit of sustained R&D of information infrastructure Government Academia Industry Four Aspects of Internet History Technological Evolution Operations & Management Social Aspect Commercialization Aspect Defense Advanced Research Project Agency - (D)ARPA Created in 1958 as response to surprise Soviet launch of Sputnik Responsible for high-tech R&D Part of which was the ARPANET Still functioning today http://www.darpa.mil/index.html The 1960’s JCR Licklider - National Galactic Information Infrastructure Envisioned a global network of interconnected computers Leonard Kleinrock - 1961, packet switching theory October 1962, Licklider becomes first head of DARPA computer research program Licklider followed by Ivan Sutherland, then Robert Taylor The 1960’s cont. 1968 - ARPANET specs released UCLA selected as first node Stanford Research Institute (SRI) selected as second October 1969 - First host to host message sent UC Santa Barbara & University of Utah become 3rd and 4th nodes The 1970’s December 1970 - initial host-to-host protocol completed Network Control Protocol (NCP) 1971 - 1972 Network users began to develop applications 1972 - ARPANET demonstrated to the public 1972 - First “hot” app, electronic mail developed by Ray Tomilinson of BBN The 1970’s cont. 1973 - Bob Kahn & Vint Cerf begin work on new network protocol Each network would by stand alone Dropped packets would be resent Routers/gateways would connect networks No global control at the operational level New protocol became TCP/IP DNS development begins 1978 - ARPANET experiment formally completed 1979 - USENET begins The 1980’s 1982 - term “Internet” used for the first time January 1, 1983 - ARPANET switches from NCP to TCP/IP 1984 - DNS introduced 1986 NSFNET announces it will provide for all academic networking Uses TCP/IP protocol Allowed to link to ARPANET Formed backbone of what would become the Internet The 1980’s cont. 1988 - Morris worm invades the Internet, CERT formed in response 1989 - First Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1989 - First commercial e-mail (Compuserve) Tim Berners-Lee at CERN is Switzerland proposes hyperlink system for information The 1990’s 1990 - ARPANET decommissioned 1991 - WWW released by CERN 1992 - Term “Surfing the web” coined 1993 - InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services 1993 - White House goes online 1995 - NSFNET reverts to research network 1996 - Browser war - Netscape vs. Microsoft The Internet Today A commodity service supporting other commercial services One of the main ways information is exchanged How will change/evolution be managed? What does all this mean for law enforcement ? Sources A Brief History of the Internet http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/bri ef.shtml DARPA History http://www.darpa.mil/history.html Internet History http://www.computerhistory.org/intern et_history/ Internet Addiction “[A]n impulse-control disorder that does not involve an intoxicant” “Internet Addictions: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder”. Young (1998) Pre-Existing Conditions Depression Anxiety Stress Social Isolation ADD – Attention Deficient Disorder Feeds already existing addictions Gambling Sex Internet Addiction Symptoms Excessive use of the Internet Lack of sleep Fatigue Poor grades/job performance Apathy Racing thought Reduced social interactions Sexual Addiction “[A] progressive intimacy disorder characterized by compulsive sexual thoughts and acts. “ “What is Sexual Addiction?”. Herkov Sexual Addiction Behaviors Compulsive masturbation (self stimulation) Multiple affairs (extra-marital affairs) Multiple or anonymous sexual partners or one-night stands Consistent use of pornography Unsafe sex Phone or cyber sex Prostitution / use of prostitutes Exhibitionism Voyeurism Stalking Sexual harassment Molestation / Rape Sex and the Internet Easy affordable access to pornography Many different media and forms Many forums for exotic fantasies / bizarre behaviors – paraphilia Rape, torture, degradation, mutilation Anonymity and disinhibition May or may not be illegal Typology of Cybersex Users Recreational User Sexually Compulsive User At-Risk User At-Risk User No prior history of sexual problems Develops problem due to the Triple A’s Accessibility, Anonymity, Affordability Stress-Reactive Uses online sexual behavior to escape stress Depressive Uses online sexual behavior for relief of chronic depression Fantasy Uses online sexual behavior to experience situations that would not be encountered in real life Societal Problems from Cybersexual Activity Children’s exposure to pornography Objectification of women Perceptions of infidelity Loss of real intimacy Economic loss to businesses Problems for Law Enforcement Child pornography Child exploitation Sexual solicitation of children in chat rooms Sexual deviant subcultures Online prostitution Obscenity v. 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech Sources “Internet Addictions: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder” http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1 089/cpb.1998.1.237 “Internet Addiction Disorder” http://www.minddisorders.com/FluInv/Internet-addiction-disorder.html “What is Sexual Addiction http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/what-issexual-addiction/