Download Internet Vulnerabilities & Criminal Activity

Internet Vulnerabilities &
Criminal Activity
2.1 – 2/1/10
The History of the Internet
Sexual Addiction to the Internet
In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET.
And the ARPANET was without form and void.
And darkness was upon the deep.
And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of
the network and APRA said, “Let there be a
protocol,” and there was a protocol. And ARPA
saw that it was good.
Danny Cohen - http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history
Changes the Internet wrought
Changed communications world wide as
never before
Broadcasting
Dissemination
Collaboration
Benefit of sustained R&D of information
infrastructure
Government
Academia
Industry
Four Aspects of Internet History
Technological Evolution
Operations & Management
Social Aspect
Commercialization Aspect
Defense Advanced Research Project
Agency - (D)ARPA
Created in 1958 as response to surprise
Soviet launch of Sputnik
Responsible for high-tech R&D
Part of which was the ARPANET
Still functioning today
http://www.darpa.mil/index.html
The 1960’s
JCR Licklider - National Galactic Information
Infrastructure
Envisioned a global network of interconnected
computers
Leonard Kleinrock - 1961, packet switching
theory
October 1962, Licklider becomes first head of
DARPA computer research program
Licklider followed by Ivan Sutherland, then
Robert Taylor
The 1960’s cont.
1968 - ARPANET specs released
UCLA selected as first node
Stanford Research Institute (SRI) selected as
second
October 1969 - First host to host message
sent
UC Santa Barbara & University of Utah
become 3rd and 4th nodes
The 1970’s
December 1970 - initial host-to-host protocol
completed
Network Control Protocol (NCP)
1971 - 1972 Network users began to develop
applications
1972 - ARPANET demonstrated to the public
1972 - First “hot” app, electronic mail
developed by Ray Tomilinson of BBN
The 1970’s cont.
1973 - Bob Kahn & Vint Cerf begin work on
new network protocol
Each network would by stand alone
Dropped packets would be resent
Routers/gateways would connect networks
No global control at the operational level
New protocol became TCP/IP
DNS development begins
1978 - ARPANET experiment formally
completed
1979 - USENET begins
The 1980’s
1982 - term “Internet” used for the first time
January 1, 1983 - ARPANET switches from
NCP to TCP/IP
1984 - DNS introduced
1986 NSFNET announces it will provide for all
academic networking
Uses TCP/IP protocol
Allowed to link to ARPANET
Formed backbone of what would become the
Internet
The 1980’s cont.
1988 - Morris worm invades the Internet,
CERT formed in response
1989 - First Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
1989 - First commercial e-mail (Compuserve)
Tim Berners-Lee at CERN is Switzerland
proposes hyperlink system for information
The 1990’s
1990 - ARPANET decommissioned
1991 - WWW released by CERN
1992 - Term “Surfing the web” coined
1993 - InterNIC created by NSF to provide
specific Internet services
1993 - White House goes online
1995 - NSFNET reverts to research network
1996 - Browser war - Netscape vs. Microsoft
The Internet Today
A commodity service supporting other
commercial services
One of the main ways information is
exchanged
How will change/evolution be
managed?
What does all this mean for law
enforcement ?
Sources
A Brief History of the Internet http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/bri
ef.shtml
DARPA History http://www.darpa.mil/history.html
Internet History http://www.computerhistory.org/intern
et_history/
Internet Addiction
“[A]n impulse-control disorder that
does not involve an intoxicant”
“Internet Addictions: The Emergence of a New Clinical
Disorder”. Young (1998)
Pre-Existing Conditions
Depression
Anxiety
Stress
Social Isolation
ADD – Attention Deficient Disorder
Feeds already existing addictions
Gambling
Sex
Internet Addiction Symptoms
Excessive use of the Internet
Lack of sleep
Fatigue
Poor grades/job performance
Apathy
Racing thought
Reduced social interactions
Sexual Addiction
“[A] progressive intimacy disorder
characterized by compulsive sexual
thoughts and acts. “
“What is Sexual Addiction?”. Herkov
Sexual Addiction Behaviors
 Compulsive masturbation (self stimulation)
 Multiple affairs (extra-marital affairs)
 Multiple or anonymous sexual partners or one-night
stands
 Consistent use of pornography
 Unsafe sex
 Phone or cyber sex
 Prostitution / use of prostitutes
 Exhibitionism
 Voyeurism
 Stalking
 Sexual harassment
 Molestation / Rape
Sex and the Internet
Easy affordable access to pornography
Many different media and forms
Many forums for exotic fantasies /
bizarre behaviors – paraphilia
Rape, torture, degradation, mutilation
Anonymity and disinhibition
May or may not be illegal
Typology of Cybersex Users
Recreational User
Sexually Compulsive User
At-Risk User
At-Risk User
 No prior history of sexual problems
 Develops problem due to the Triple A’s
 Accessibility, Anonymity, Affordability
 Stress-Reactive
 Uses online sexual behavior to escape stress
 Depressive
 Uses online sexual behavior for relief of chronic
depression
 Fantasy
 Uses online sexual behavior to experience situations
that would not be encountered in real life
Societal Problems from
Cybersexual Activity
Children’s exposure to pornography
Objectification of women
Perceptions of infidelity
Loss of real intimacy
Economic loss to businesses
Problems for Law Enforcement
Child pornography
Child exploitation
Sexual solicitation of children in chat
rooms
Sexual deviant subcultures
Online prostitution
Obscenity v. 1st Amendment right to
freedom of speech
Sources
“Internet Addictions: The Emergence of a
New Clinical Disorder” http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1
089/cpb.1998.1.237
“Internet Addiction Disorder” http://www.minddisorders.com/FluInv/Internet-addiction-disorder.html
“What is Sexual Addiction http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/what-issexual-addiction/