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Chapter 6 Section 5 Notes CHAPTER 6 HOME Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500 Time Line 509 B.C. Rome becomes a republic. 218 B.C. In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy. A.D. 284 Diocletian, who will divide the Roman Empire, becomes emperor. 500 B.C. A.D. 264 B.C. The First Punic War with Carthage begins. 44 B.C. Conspirators kill Julius Caesar. A.D. 500 476 Western Roman Empire falls with the ouster of the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus. I. The Legacy of Greco-Roman Civilization (combination of Greece and Rome) (Classical Culture) A. Romans proud of their ability to rule B. Romans acknowledged Greek leadership in 1. Art 2. Architecture 3. Literature 4. Philosophy C. Combination of Hellenistic and Roman periods D. Roman fine arts 1. Realistic portraits in stone intended for public education 2. Bas-Relief a. Type of sculpture that represented Roman stories E. Mosaics Achilles Poseidon, Oceanus, and Tethys 1. Pieces of stone, or glass on a surface F. Murals or frescoes painted into surface of walls 1. Best example in Pompeii city covered by the volcano Vesuvius G. Learning and Literature 1. Copied the philosophy of stoicism accept things as they are a. Best example in notes of Marcus Aurelius called the Meditations 2. Best known writer Virgil a. Wrote the Aeneid 1. The epic of Aeneas 3. Poet Ovid a. Wrote Amores 1. About Cupid’s passion 4. Livy a. Roman Historian that wrote about the Carthaginian Wars 5. Tacitus a. Wrote Annals and Histories 1. Recorded accurately about good and bad emperors of imperial Rome II. Roman Achievements A. Latin the language of Rome 1. Language of the Roman Catholic Church 2. Romance languages a. French b. Spanish c. Portuguese d. Italian e. Romanian B. Architecture, Engineering and Technology 1. Dome 2. Concrete 3. Aqueducts 4. Roads C. Roman System of Law was Rome’s most widespread contribution 1. Rights of Roman citizens 2. Fair and equality to all people 3. Common sense and practical 4. Principles of Roman Law a. Equal treatment b. Innocent until proven guilty c. Burden of proof on accuser d. Punished only for actions not thoughts