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Historical Background • The buildings found in Rome at the peak of its power, were large and impressive • These included theaters, baths, temples, libraries, imperial palaces and basilicas (public meeting places). • Public monuments celebrating the achievements of emperors existed as arches and columns. • The Romans borrowed architectural features from the Etruscans and the Greeks. – Form of the Arch- Etruscans – Corinthian Architectural orderGreeks • The Romans mastered the design of the arch and introduced a new type of building material, concrete, to form their own architectural style. Corinthian Doric Ionic Roman Concrete • The Roman’s invented a new building material that we still use today, concrete. • They mixed stone, sand, lime mortar and water. It dried and hardened into concrete. • The surviving Roman monuments testify to the strength and durability of concrete. Arches • The Romans made great use of the Etruscan Arch • The Romans used the arch in various ways. They used it to create architectural structures of great size and strength. • The vault was created by putting a series of arches side by side. • The dome was created by several arches crossing in different directions in a circular space. • Arches and Concrete revolutionized Roman architecture. • The Arch can be seen in the construction of city gates, bridges and aqueducts. As well as theaters and ampitheaters (round theaters). Colosseum • It was the most famous example of an ampitheater in Rome. • Emperor Vespasian started construction in 72 A.D and completed it in 80 A.D. • Could hold about 55,000 spectators. • The Colosseum was used to entertain the public with games. These games were a way for an emperor to increase his popularity. • The games started with comical acts and ended with fights to the death between animals and gladiators or between gladiators and gladiators. Aqueducts • It is a water transport system that allows water to flow through pipes or channels to carry water from a well or stream into the town. • The water was distributed throughout a complex system of lead or earthenware pipes. • It moved the water using gravity – The aqueduct had to be built at exactly the right angle in order to use gravity to its full potential. – It was important for the route of water to be constant and running. • They were used to bring water to areas that did not have natural water resources. The Pont de Gard • Was a masterpiece built and named for the Gard River. • It channeled water from Nimes, France. • Highest of all Roman aqueducts. • It consisted of three tiers of arches • The Pont de Gard is a testimony to the engineering and construction skill of the Romans. Pantheon • The Pantheon dates back to 27 B.C., when it was first built by Marcus Agrippa. • Emperor Hadrian rebuilt it between 117-125 A.D. after it burned to the ground in 80 A.D. • Was a temple dedicated to All Gods. “Temple of All Gods” • The original use of the Pantheon is unknown, but it is assumed it was used as a temple. • It was made of solid concrete consisted of a round main room topped by a dome and was fronted by a porch of Corinthian columns. • The dome on top is 142 feet in diameter • The oculus, the hole in the top of the dome is used as a light source for the interior Activity • Become a Roman Architect – Using the features we discussed such as arches, columns or domes draw your own Roman structure – Use the structures discussed as a guideline for your own Roman Structure – Provide a name – Be creative and use color – On the Back Write: • Name of the Structure. • Who you designed it for. • What Features you used.