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W/Sheet 5 – ROMAN ARCHITECTURE Watch this video on Roman advances in architecture and engineering (transcript on the same web page) and complete the following points: 1. What are the similarities between Roman Architecture and Greek Architecture? The similarities between Roman Architecture and Greek Architecture are in style. The Romans used the same columns, the same sculptural decorations and many of the same forms as the Greek. 2. What are the differences? The differences are more practical than stylistic. The Romans copied Greek forms but used different techniques and materials. 3. Rome’ s distinctive architecture was the direct result of 5 main inventions. Can you name them? The five main Roman’s inventions are: cement, brick and mortar masonry, concrete, the arch and aqueducts. 4. For each of the 5 inventions, write a definition and some interesting information in the table below: 1. Cement 2.Brick and Mortar 3. Concrete 4. The Arch 5. Aqueducts Definition Definition Definition Definition Definition A blend of lime, volcanic A building technique in It is a mixture of It is built from a lot ash or pulverized stone which small, fired bricks cement and gravel and water. are held together by which can be poured mortar. into forms. Concrete Information Information Information The greatest and most distinctly Roman architecture example is the arch. It is built from two posts, connected by a stone arch. It is a curved masonry construction. Information Cement is essentially, liquid rock which dries into a solid. Cement also bonds to any materials touching it. If a Greek wanted to The implications of Arches redistribute The Romans used build something huge, he concrete are massive. the weight of the load arches everywhere. had to use huge blocks of With concrete you they're bearing. The Their most obvious stone to build it as all can, essentially, make force is spread over a application was previous architectural a stone of any shape larger area, so it is the aqueduct. These was as strong and durable as stone. of arches for transporting water into cities. Information styles depended on and size you want. also passed from huge, elevated friction and gravity to Also, you can make it stone to stone, all the channels could carry hold their structure out of small materials. way down to the posts. water hundreds of together. Brick and With concrete, you The Roman arch was miles across rolling mortar masonry allowed can build almost incredibly strong and terrain, while the Romans to build large, anything, and it will be durable. In fact, maintaining a steady, durable structures out of water-proof, strong arches are often the gradual slope from small, cheap, local and practically only thing still their source to their materials. permanent. Indeed standing in a Roman destination. Aqueducts (Infatti), many Roman ruin. The Romans did brought fresh running structures are still not exactly invent the water to Roman cities, standing a thousand arch. People had been allowing the roman to years later. This is using arches to hold up build fountains and partially because ceilings in tunnels and baths even in the Roman concrete, with tombs for quite some driest regions. Roman its high volcanic ash time, and there may aqueducts are among content, is actually be evidence that some the most enduring more durable and cultures may have legacies (eredita’) of resistant to used the arch to build their mighty Empire. weathering gates in their walls. There are many (degradazione dal What the Romans did European cities that tempo) than the was to perfect this still depend on Roman concrete we make and underground aqueducts for their use today. technology and make it water. main trend. The Roman arch reached its apex in the Colosseum.