Download Rome_Intro_March_2015

Rome - Intro
CHW3M
Ms. Gluskin
York Mills CI
A Practical and Monumental
Civilization
Public toilets
at Ostia, 40
BCE
Affordable Housing Institute: US. The Economics of Water: Part
5 – Roman Municipal Finance. 2012.
http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/2008/04/theeconomics-of-water-part-5-roman-municipal-finance.html (March
29, 2012).
Cloaca Maxima,
sewer
Wilke D. Schram. The Roman Water System. 2006.
http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquapub/tardieu_photos.htm (March 29, 2012).
Familiar To Many People…
Colosseum, amphitheatre in
Rome
Keith Hopkins, The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome, BBC History, 2011,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_01.shtml (April 1,
2013).
Aqueduct in Segovia, Spain
PBS, Building Big, Tunnel Basics, Ancient Roman Aqueduct, 2001,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/tunnel/aqueduct.html (April 1,
2013).
Historical Thinking Concepts
Evidence
Mostly secondary sources
Historical
Perspectives
Trial of the
Assassins of
Julius Caesar
Continuity & Change
Roman
Emperor
PPT
Assignment
Cause &
Consequence
Timeline of Republic
700s BCE – Etruscan civilization
753 BCE – Founding of Rome
Monarchy
509 BCE – Roman Republic begins
Republic = form of government with
no monarchy
Timeline of Empire
44 BCE – End of Republic – beginning of
Empire
476 CE – End of the empire in the west
1453 – End of the empire in the east
Republic
44 BCE: Rome at
the end of the
Republic
Romulus and
Remus, legendary
founders of Rome
About.com. Legendary Rome Timeline. 2012.
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romehistory/tp/Legendar
y-Rome-Timeline.htm (March 29, 2012).
Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Roman Republic.
2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm (March 29, 2012).
Theme #1: Growth & Expansion
Expansion
began from
the city of
Rome (red
dot) circa
500 BCE
and
extended to
the purple,
pink and
yellow
areas by the
end of the
republic (44
BCE)
W.W. Norton Publishing, Ralph's World Civilizations Chapter 9, 1997,
Geographic Features That Affected
Rome’s Development
Physical
map of
Europe
Free Maps of the World. Physical Map of Europe. N.d.,
http://www.freeworldmaps.net/europe/index.html (April
2, 2012).
Orientation Toward the Sea
Trade
 Navy
 Therefore:


Eventually Rome was able to dominate the
Mediterranean.
No Internal Physical Barriers
There were mountains but they didn’t
divide like in Greece
 Therefore:


There was more unity than in Greece after
the Romans (a tribe) began expanding and
conquering other territories.
Agriculture
Very fertile soil (due to volcanic ash)
 Good rivers
 Population growth meant that there still
wasn’t enough land



Need to import grain from Sicily and Egypt
Therefore:

Romans needed to conquer more territory in
order to expand (military)

Carthage potential enemy
The Alps
These mountains separated Rome from
the rest of Europe
 Po River was seen as a border dividing
civilized Rome from northern
“barbarians”
 Therefore:

Rome felt protected by these mountains,
possibly superior
 There were invasions, however

Alps
Hannibal crossing
the Alps
Alps
Archaeology Photoblog. Hannibal In the Alps. Stanford Alpine Archaeology Project: 1994-2006.
http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/archaeolog/2006/04/hannibal_in_the_alps_stanford_1.html (March 29, 2012).
Theme #2: Romanization
Romanization = spread of Roman values and
culture
Roman bath in
Bath, England
Bath and Northeast Somerset Council, The Roman Baths, Bath, N.d. http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/
(March 30, 2013).
Theme #3: Importance of
Citizenship
Privileges of citizenship – see pages 176177 in textbook
Ruins of Forum
Romanum, where
citizens came to
meet
National Geographic News, Photo Gallery: Ancient Rome Reborn in 3-D, Oct. 28, 2010,
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/08/photogalleries/rome-reborn/photo8.html (March 30, 2013).
Privileges of Roman Citizenship
Protected in law from random power of
magistrates
 Child of father citizen is citizen (if…)
 Less taxes, no tribute payment
 Slave freed by citizen is citizen (if…)

Theme #4: Struggle of the Orders –
Patricians vs. Plebeians

The Plebeians went on strike in the 400s BCE
(plebeian secession)

The Twelve Tables (law code from the 400s BCE)


Table VIII. 2. If one has maimed the limb and does not compromise
with the injured person, let there be retaliation. If one has broken a
bone of a freeman with his hand or with a cudgel, let him pay a
penalty of three hundred coins. If he has broken the bone of a slave,
let him have one hundred and fifty coins. If one is guilty of insult, the
penalty shall be twenty-five coins.
Table XI.1. Marriages should not take place between plebeians and
patricians. [Later struck down.]
Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources (Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1901), Vol.
III: The Roman World, pp. 9-11. In Paul Halsall, Ancient History Sourcebook: The Roman Republic: The Twelve
Tables http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/12tables.html (June 1998), August 10, 2002
Theme #5: Complicated Form of
Government in Republic
Elements of monarchy – but they hate
kings [2 Consuls and other magistrates]
 Elements of aristocracy – but not 100%
pure power for them [Senate]
 Elements of democracy – but not direct
democracy like in Athens [committees
and tribunes]

Balanced Government?
2 Consuls +
other
magistrates
Monarchical
Committees
Councils,
Tribunes
Aristocratic
Democratic
Magistrates (gov’t officials)

Magistrates want to climb the Cursus
Honorum
Census and censorship
Army
Justice, relations between
Romans and non-Romans
Roads, water, etc.
Censors
Consuls
Praetors
Aediles
Quaestors
Financial matters
Why is dictator not on the cursus honorum?
Theme #6: State Religion
The concrete
dome of the
Pantheon, a
temple originally
built to honour all
of the Roman
gods. Later it was
turned into a
Christian Church
in the 600s CE
after the empire
became Christian
(300s CE).
McGill Architecture, Pantheon Rome, 2005,
http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/abc-structures2005/Lectures-2005/term-work/50-questions/sixthfive.html (March 30, 2013).
Rome.info, Roman Pantheon, 2003-2009,
http://www.rome.info/pantheon/ (April 1, 2013).
Etruscans
They were another tribe on the Italian
peninsula just north of Rome
 Highly advanced culture
 Some of Rome’s 7 early kings were
Etruscan

Etruscan urn, 4th
or 3rd century
BCE
Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Cinerary Urn. 2000.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/96.9.225a,b (March 29, 2012).
Etruscan Cultural Contributions to
Rome
Greek alphabet
 Urban infrastructure

Tunnels
 Dams
 Arches and vaults


Religious practices
Animism = spirits are everywhere
 Taking auspices = predicting the future by
looking at the livers of animals

Kevin J. McGowan, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Frequently Asked Questions About Crows, 2010,
Etruscan Cultural Contributions,
con’t
Funereal games = gladiator games
eventually
 Symbols

Fasces = became a
Roman symbol of imperium,
having the power over life
and death
(see page 168 in textbook)

fasces
Livius. Fasces. N.d., http://www.livius.org/fa-fn/fasces/fasces.html
(March 29, 2012).
Homework Day 1:

Take notes on 172-176:
Importance of Gauls, Sicily and southern
Spain
 Carthaginians, Hannibal
 Scipio Africanus
 Addition of eastern territory
 Coloniae
 Via Appia

Homework Takeup: 172-176
Name two societies that at one point
defeated the Romans.
 Name two societies the Romans
defeated.
 What was the importance of coloniae to
the Romans?
 How did roads help Romanize the Italian
peninsula?

Monarchical, Aristocratic or Democratic
Element of Republican Government?
Includes the two leaders of
the armies
A check on their power is
that they can only serve
one year in a row
It looks like they might have A check on their power is
the most power in this
that they control where the
supposedly “balanced”
army is sent
system
Patricians with a lot of
power
A check on their power is
that they must agree
Eventually came to have
some say against patricians

Roman Social Customs

Beliefs:
Superstitious
 Greeks and Etruscans, added their own
 Auspices, military, elections, gods
 Astrology, zodiac
 Pontifex Maximus, calendar
 Animal sacrifices


Family Life and Morality:
Family
 Paterfamilias, household, wife, children,
slaves
 Potestas
 Property
 Adoption
 Love
 Recognized


Education
Together
 Latin
 Home, in public
 16,
 Forum
 No education
 Girls
