Download Goal 3 Rome 2

ROME
Tomlin
1
• 1000 – 500 B.C. 3
ROME
groups inhabited the
region.
1) Latins – Farmers
and shepards, settled
on Palatine Hill
2) 50 colonies in S.
Italy and Sicily
3) Etruscans in N.
Italy, skilled
metalworkers and
engineers. Etruscan
alphabet and the arch.
Archaic Etruscan alphabet (7th-5th centuries BC)
2
ROME
• Roman religious ideas
were borrowed from
Greece,. Roman gods
took on the
personalities of Greek
Gods.
Zeus = Jupiter
Hera = Juno
3
ROME
• Romans establish a republic after overthrowing the
Etruscan King.
• Republic is made up of 2 groups:
Patricians – aristocratic landowners.
Plebeians – common farmer, artisans.
• 451 B.C. – Group of 10 officials began to write
down roman laws onto the 12 tablets. States that all
free citizens should be protected by the law
4
ROME
• Republic – form of government in which power rest
with the people.
• Republic governed by 2 consuls. Each commanded
the army and directed the government. Each could
veto and only serve for one year. Could serve
second term 10 years later and could veto other
consul.
• Senate – Aristocratic Branch of government was
made up of 300 members in for life. Advised on
foreign and financial policies
5
ROME
• Centuriate Assembly –
all citizen soldiers,
helped made laws.
• Tribal Assembly –
elected tribunes and
made laws for
common people.
• Dictator could serve
for only 6 months in
time of crisis.
6
ROME
• Army – all men who owned land had to serve.
• Legions – 5,000 Century – could act independently
and was self sufficient.
• Rome conquers all of Italy and begins empire
building.
• Rome establishes a rich trade network but is
challenged by Carthage (Hannibal).
7
PUNIC WARS
• Punic Wars – 264 –
146 B.C. consisted of
3 wars between Rome
and Carthage
• 1st War – Control of
Sicily and Western
Med.
- lasted 23 years
- Rome defeats
Carthage
8
PUNIC WARS
• 2ND War – Hannibal wants
to avenge the loss by
Carthage.
- Carthage comes in back
door through Spain over
the Alps.
• Hannibal – rape and
pillage – lived off the land
for 10 years.
• Scipio defeats Hannibal
by attacking Carthage
9
PUNIC WARS
• Romans seek revenge for 2nd war (rape and
pillage).
• Attack Carthage and burn the city to the
ground. Those not killed sold into slavery.
• Results – Rome controls from Anatolia to
Spain and all Med.
10
ROME SECTION 2
• Latifundia – large estates taken by lands conquered.
- large amounts of slaves worked the land (1/3 of
population)
- poor made up ¼ of pop
- Tribunes decide to stand up for poor and limit size
of estates for economy.
• Civil War – breaks out between rich and poor.
Generals promise the poor a better way of life.
11
ROME
• Triumvirate – group
of 3 rulers at the same
time.
- Caesar, Crassus,
Pompey
- Caesar becomes
dictator for life in 44
B.C.
12
• Absolute Ruler – total control and power.
1) Granted citizenship
2) created jobs
3) started colonies
4) increased pay for the soldiers
- became popular with the people
• Caesar was killed by Senate in 44 B.C.
ROME
13
FALL OF ROME
• 3 reasons to the Fall of Rome……………………….
• 1) Economic – during the Pax Romana everything was
good – trade, money value and food. All gradually went
on the decline.
- trade becomes disrupted at sea. Army sent to resolve
conflict. Army uses more money and resources of Rome
- To cover cost, taxes where raised which leads to
inflation. Poor had to sell out farmland.
- Due to lack of resources the farmland becomes
overworked and less is produced.
- Food shortage – disease – population decline
14
FALL OF ROME
• 2) Military – Barbarians threaten. Non – Roman
tribes such as the Germanic Tribes from the north
and Persians from Syria and Anatolia.
- Troops are no longer loyal to Rome, but to
military leaders. These military leaders struggle
within for interest of self or interest of Rome.
15
FALL OF ROME
• 3) Politics – General
population lost
interest in politics and
had become corrupt.
Men fought issues
within self of for
Rome or for SELF.
• Diocletian becomes
dictator in A.D. 284
16
FALL OF ROME
• Diocletian – became absolute ruler of Rome.
- Made army bigger by drafting P.O.W.
and hiring German Mercenaries
- Set fixed prices on goods to control inflation
- locked workers / farmers into their jobs for life.
- proclaimed he was a descendant of a Roman
god. - saw Christians as a threat and persecuted
them.
• Roman Empire is Split into 2 parts:
1) Eastern – Greek Speaking – Richer Empire
2) Western – Latin Speaking – General Maximian
17
FALL OF ROME
• Diocletian steps down in A.D. 305 for health
issues.
• Civil War breaks out and Constantine comes to
power.
• Constantine moves the capital from Rome to
Byzantium and renames it Constantinople.
Modeled after the city of Rome.
• Constantine dies – East survives; West falls
18