Download Rome Notes 5B

Rome Notes 5B
Rome Expansion and The Punic
Wars
Rome Expansion
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Rome developed it’s government and at
the same time it also faced challenges.
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After it completed the conquering of Italy,
it was faced with a terrible and powerful
rival in the Med. Sea.

This enemy was Carthage!!!!
Carthage

On the coast of North Africa

Founded around 800 BC

Built a great trade empire by controlling the
Med Sea

By controlling goods in the area they were
the largest and richest city in the western
Med.
The First Punic War

Both Carthage and Rome wanted to take
over the island of Sicily

264 BC the 2 empires get into a fight

Punicus is a Latin word for Phoenician

At the start, Rome sent an army to Sicily
to stop Carthage, who had already settled
there

Up until this point in the Roman
Civilization, Rome fought on their own
land to beat Carthage. At this point they
had to build a navy to fight in the Med Sea
First Punic War

Roman Navy ships were equipped with
huge hooks and stationed their soldiers on
the ships

Ships would hook on to an enemy ship
and soldiers would board

Romans converted naval warfare into
mini-land battles (Something Rome was
already awesome at)
First Punic War Cont.

The war dragged on for more than 20
years

In 241 BC the war ended b/c Rome
crushed the Carthaginian navy.

Carthage was forced out and had to pay
Rome money (retribution)
Second Punic War

Carthage wants revenge!

They send their greatest general Hannibal
to sack Rome

From Spain, he led 46,000 men, horses,
and 37 elephants across the Alps towards
Rome

The Romans decide to meet them head on

- Battle of Cannae- 86,000 Romans died
(worst defeat in Roman history)

Rome refused to surrender and raised
another army
Second Punic War Cont.

Hannibal roamed Italy without the
resources to mount an attack on Rome

Rome creates another army

206 BC- Romans sent troops to Spain to
push the Carthaginians out
Rome decided to sail to Carthage and attack
their empire directly


Hannibal was forced to return and defend

202 BC- Battle of Zama- Romans CRUSH
Carthage

Scipio was the Romans head general
Second Punic War Cont.

Carthage then gives up Spain to Rome

Rome now ruled the Western Med

Carthage remained a trading center, but
Roman senators still worried that Carthage
would regain power and regroup.

Convinced the consuls to declare war on
Carthage AGAIN!!
Third Punic War

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The FINAL PUNIC WAR!!!
146 BC- Carthage pulling themselves back
together
Romans end their independence by invading
BURN THE CITY
Enslave over 50,000 people
Carthage becomes Roman province
ROME WAS NOW THE RULER OF THE
MEDITERRANEAN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!