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The Punic Wars 1. Why did conflict exist between the patricians and plebeians? ► The patricians had all the power and they didn’t want to give it up ► The patricians took the plebeians rights away 2. What reforms did the Romans make to their military organization? Why were these changes significant? ► Changes: Trained soldiers Organized military (legions) When they needed more soldiers, they recruited slaves (untrained) paid soldiers Importance: improvement in military Rome was able to go on the offensive and attack other places Expanded their empire The Punic Wars ►A series of three wars fought between Rome and the Phoenician city of Carthage (Africa). ► “Punic" Wars because the latin name for Phoenician was Punici. Carthage Result was the three Punic Wars 264-146 BC Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage Why war? ► The purpose of the Punic Wars was Roman territorial expansion (Rome’s first). Rome interested in: The Carthaginian ports (on islands of Sardinia and Sicily (wheat)) The Carthaginian navy posed a threat and hurt Roman trade along the west coast of Italy. Romans wanted to control Mediterranean Sea THE FIRST PUNIC WAR (264 BCE – 241 BCE ► Carthage was the power of the Mediterranean (big naval empire), while Rome was becoming the dominant power in Italy. ► This first “Punic” War was a naval war. ► Early on, Rome had no experience in naval warfare and struggled on the sea. The First Punic War ► But, Rome redesigned its’ fleet with the ships being able to hook on the side of the enemy boats allowing the troops to fight on the enemy’s deck. ► Carthage surrendered Sicily, and Rome replaced Carthage as the major power in the Mediterranean. ► Rome's victory was mostly due to its persistent refusal to admit defeat or accept anything but total victory. THE SECOND PUNIC WAR p. 204-206 1. 2. Who was the commander of the Carthaginian armies in Spain and what did he swear to do? From where (and with what) did Hannibal attack the Romans? Why were the Romans surprised? 3. What cost did Hannibal’s army pay by trying to pass through the Alps? 4. As Hannibal approached the city of Rome, what tactics did the Romans use in trying to defeat Hannibal? Instead of attacking Rome what did Hannibal do? Was this smart? 5. 6. What was the key to Roman victory in the Second Punic War? 1. Who was the commander of the Carthaginian armies in Spain and what did he swear to do? ► Hannibal, commander of Carthage’s army in Spain. ► According to legend, Hannibal swore that he would remain an enemy of Rome for life. 2. From where (and with what) did Hannibal attack the Romans? Why were the Romans surprised? ► Hannibal attacked from the north (completely unexpected) as the Romans considered the towering Alps as a natural defence barrier. ► 40,000 foot soldiers ► 8,000 cavalry ► 60 elephants 3. What cost did Hannibal’s army pay by trying to pass through the Alps? ► In crossing the Alps (15 days) Hannibal lost: 20,000 foot soldiers 2,000 cavalry 40 elephants 4. As Hannibal approached the city of Rome, what tactics did the Romans use in trying to defeat Hannibal? ► As Hannibal approached the Romans decided to trust their walls and stay within the confines of the city believing that Hannibal would run out of supplies. ► Romans lost patience and attacked. They lost again and 25,000 men were killed. 5. Instead of attacking Rome what did Hannibal do? Was this smart? ► Instead of going in for the kill, Hannibal marched south for food and to wait for reinforcements. ► This allowed the Romans to regroup and defeat the Carthaginians. ► Carthage was forced to pay a huge fine and surrender its empire. 6. What was the key to Roman victory in the Second Punic War? ► The interception of a message for Hannibal ► The message revealed the location of Hannibal’s army ► Using this information, the Romans were able to win a major victory ► This turned the tide for the Romans FALLOUT FROM THE SECOND PUNIC WAR ► Carthage forced to pay a huge fine and surrenders its empire. ► The Second Punic war is the turning point in Roman history as Rome is forced to adjust to another increase in its empire size (Spain, France, Africa). Hannibal becomes a mythical legend and Italy must rebuild after 16 years of bitter fighting. Review ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFNGVSf 7YNM&feature=related The Third Punic Wars ► Carthage violated the peace treaty by building up its military strength once again. ► Rome feared yet another ‘Hannibal’ ► Rome decided the city must be destroyed in order to end the many years of War. ► Romans plundered, burned and ploughed the city of Carthage. ► All people who were not killed were sold into slavery. North Africa was now a province of Rome. Results ► ► ► ► Rome had conquered Carthage’s entire empire becoming the most powerful state of the Mediterranean (expanding into Greece, Egypt and Asia Minor. Rome still hurting from 100 years of war is now forced to rule a bigger empire. The strains of ruling such a large area would eventually be the downfall of Rome. Roman countryside was destroyed due to century of warfare. Took over Greece, Rome Rome Successor Macedonia, eventually always some of Asia Minor, responded became kingdom Syria, weary inAegean the of Rome drawn into the and eastern Mediterranean increasingly playing belief thisthat endless called islands affairs thein by achieving refereeing on 133 Roman BC aof role balance aid and successor kingdoms of their realized power incessant inthat the the east wars wascontinued against better than each independence having otheroneof the successor successor kingdoms kingdom threaten becomeRoman too powerful interests and challenge Rome Later, the conquests of Gaius Marius, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Pompey Magnus, and Julius Caesar would add more territory Gaul, the rest of Asia Minor, Mesopotamian, Mediterranean Middle East, Belgium Assignment ► Write a series (5) of Newspaper headlines announcing the major events for Punic Wars. Example - ‘Wealth in Rome pays for 200 New Ships’ ► Write a newspaper article for one of the Punic Wars. Be sure to cover the 5 W’s: who, what, where, when, and why. The First Punic War ► ‘Wealth in Rome pays for 200 New Ships’ ► ‘Carthaginians surrender Sicily and 3300 in silver to Rome’ ► Roman’s prove Victorious after 23 long year of battle’ Second Punic War ► ‘Romans shocked by Carthaginian Attack through the Alps’ Legions of Roman armies were shocked this morning as the Carthaginians launched a surprise attack from the North.The Romans felt that the ‘towering Alps’ would protect them . They were proven wrong, as keeping out the enemy through their natural barrier proved insufficient. Hannibal lead a force of 40,000 infantry, 8000 cavalry and 60 elephants across the northern Alps of Italy today but not all men and animal survived the trek.