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Ancient Rome
Tiber River
A
river
In
Italy
Italian Peninsula
An arm of land
surrounded by the
Mediterranean,
Tyrrhenian, and
Adriatic seas –
the country of Italy
Mediterranean Sea
A large body of water bordered by Europe,
Asia, and Africa
Rome
A city
near the middle
of the
western coast
of Italy
*center of a
great empire
In Italy
Tarquin
c. 510 B.C. Etruscan leader and the last king
of Rome
This is an
Etruscan helmet.
Junius Brutus
Sixth century B.C.
Ancient Roman leader
who, with his supporters,
forced the Etruscans
out of Rome
aqueduct
a high arched
structure built
to carry water
over long
distances
Etruscans
People that developed a
culture on the Italian
peninsula before the
Romans
Pompeii
A city in Italy that was buried by the eruption
of Mt. Vesuvius
Carthage
An important
Phoenician
trading
post
in
North Africa
*Rome’s
enemy
Rome
A city that was the
former center of both
the ancient
Roman Republic
and Roman Empire
Regulus
c. 250 B.C. Ancient Roman general who
was defeated & captured in a war between
Rome and Carthage
This is Regulus on an
ancient Roman coin.
Hannibal
247 B.C. – 183 B.C.
Carthaginian general
who launched
an invasion
on the Romans
from Spain
by crossing
the Alps.
Scipio
c. 185 – 129 B.C. ancient
Roman general who
attacked Carthage &
forced Hannibal to
retreat from Rome
Julius Caesar
100 B.C. – 44 B.C.
Ancient Roman general
whose murder
led to the end
of the Roman Republic
He made himself dictator
in 45 B.C.
A wealthy,
powerful
citizen
of ancient
Rome.
plebeian
A
common citizen
of ancient Rome
Patrician and the Plebeian
Republic
A form
of government
in which citizens
have the right
to choose
their leaders.
A person
elected
to represent
the people.
Consul
In ancient Rome,
one of two officials
who managed the
government
and the army.
Dictator
A person
who has
total control
over the people.
Tribune
In ancient Rome,
men who were
appointed
to protect
the rights
of the plebeians.
patriotism
A sense of pride in one’s own country
caesar
An ancient Roman emperor
This is the
emperor
Constantine.
Carthage and Rome fought each other three times. These
three wars became known as The Punic Wars. Altogether,
they lasted nearly 120 years and the Romans won all
three.
Colesseum
A
famous
Roman
arena
63 B.C. – A.D. 14
Ancient Roman emperor
whose rule began
a long period
of prosperity and peace
called the Pax Romana,
or “the Roman Peace,”
for the Roman Empire.
Claudius
10 B.C. – A.D. 54 Ancient
Roman emperor
after Caligula who
tried to improve
conditions in the Empire
Caligula
A.D. 12-41 cruel ancient
Roman emperor who
was assassinated by
members of
his bodyguard
121-180 Ancient Roman philosopher,
general, and emperor who was perhaps
the greatest of Rome’s
“Five Good Emperors.”
Seneca
A Roman writer disgusted
by the brutality of the
gladiator events
Emperor
The ruler of an empire.
Gladiator
In ancient
Rome,
a
professional
fighter.
Pax Romana
“Roman Peace,”
a time when
ancient Rome
was prosperous
and peaceful.
Palestine
A Roman province
on the
eastern coast
of the
Mediterranean Sea.
Nazareth
A city
in ancient
Palestine
and the
home of Jesus.
Peter
died c. A.D. 67
Disciple of Jesus
who helped spread
his teachings
throughout the
Roman Empire
Paul
died c. A.D. 68
Disciple of Jesus who
helped spread his
teachings throughout
the Roman Empire
Jesus
A young
Jewish man
who taught
in Palestine
and founded
Christianity.
Constantine
275-337
Roman emperor
who made Christianity
equal to all other religions
in Rome and reunited
the Roman Empire
after Diocletian
had divided
it into two parts.
Theodosius
Ancient
Roman
Emperor
who made
Christianity
Rome’s official
religion in 380.
catacomb
An underground room used as a burial site
Synagogue
A Jewish place of worship.
Disciple
One of a small group
of people who followed Jesus.
persecute
To punish
At first,
Christians were
persecuted
for their beliefs.
Christianity
The monotheistic
religion based
on the life, and
death of Jesus.
New Testament
The part
of the
Christian
Bible that
Contains
the
Gospels.
Gospels
In Christianity, the four books of the Bible known as the
New Testament
Apostle
One of the twelve disciples chosen
by Jesus to help him
preach and spread the Word of God.
Messiah
In Judaism, a leader sent by God;
in Christianity, the Savior, Jesus, God
in human form.
LESSON 5
Byzantium
An old Greek city, renamed Constantinople,
that became the center of the Byzantine
Empire (present day-Istanbul)
Constantinople
The capital of the Byzantine Empire
Commodus
161-192 ancient Roman Emperor who
succeeded his father, Marcus Aurelius,
and began the decline of the Roman
Empire
Diocletian
c. 245-316 Ancient Roman emperor who
restored and strengthened the economy of
the Roman Empire by dividing it into two
parts, the Eastern and Western
Romulus Augustus
c. 464 - ?
Last Emperor of the
Western Roman
Empire in A.D. 476
at the age of twelve
and reigned for only
eleven months
auction
To sell something to the highest bidder
pope
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church
This is
Pope Benedict XVI.
pillage
To rob
vandal
A person who destroys property
Byzantine Empire
An empire of lands formally part of the Roman
Empire with
its center
at
Constantinople
Byzantine Orthodox Church
The early Christian Church in the Eastern
Roman Empire of which the emperor was
the head
Roman Catholic Church
The early Christian Church in the Western
Roman Empire of which the Pope was the
head